Una revisión sobre el estrés térmico que altera las estrategias vitales de los insectos y los mecanismos subyacentes: Especial referencia a un Lepidoptera de importancia económica, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.468Palabras clave:
Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, termo-tolerancia, proteínas de choque térmico, biomarcadores, calentamiento globalResumen
Lepidoptera es un orden perteneciente a la clase Insecta que consiste en Rhopalocera y Heterocera. B. mori pertenece a este orden y es la columna vertebral de la sericultura. La sericultura, el cultivo, la cría y el mantenimiento de Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1785) para la producción de seda, se practica ampliamente en la India, lo que contribuye a su economía y proporciona medios de subsistencia a muchos, especialmente a aquellos de entornos socioeconómicos más bajos. La temperatura y la humedad afectan en gran medida la producción de seda. Los genes y proteínas de choque térmico protegen a los gusanos de seda hasta cierto punto del aumento del estrés por calor. Sin embargo, fuera de este rango, la biología del gusano de seda sufre. El gusano de seda se adapta al calor regulando al alza los genes y las proteínas de termotolerancia, especialmente las proteínas de choque térmico (HSP). Los gusanos de seda producen diferentes proteínas resistentes al calor a diferentes temperaturas. Las larvas, los embriones y los capullos se ven afectados por el estrés por calor. Dada la sensibilidad del gusano de seda a la temperatura y la humedad y el ritmo alarmante del cambio climático y el calentamiento global que enfrenta la tierra, es necesario considerar soluciones que permitan a B. mori adaptarse en las próximas décadas. Los marcadores moleculares y enzimáticos pueden ayudar a detectar razas de gusanos de seda termotolerantes. Dada la sensibilidad a la temperatura de este insecto, el calentamiento global y el cambio climático pueden dañarlo incluso más que a otros insectos. Por lo tanto, para salvar a este insecto y al sector de la sericultura, se deben tomar medidas en esta dirección.
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