Integrative Taxonomic Characterization and first DNA Barcoding of Chrysozephyrus syla (Kollar, [1844]) and C. birupa (Moore, 1877) for Indian species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.1138Keywords:
Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclini, Chrysozephyrus, DNA Barcoding, COI, genitalia, Integrative Taxonomy, IndiaAbstract
Genus Chrysozephyrus Shirôzu & Yamamoto, 1956 (Tribe: Theclini) contains species with high morphological plasticity, often complicating accurate identification. This study provides an integrative taxonomic assessment of C. syla (Kollar, [1844]) and C. birupa (Moore, 1877) based on specimens from the Himachal Pradesh region of the Indian Himalayas. Significantly, this investigation provides the first formal description and illustration of the female genitalia of C. birupa, alongside the first comprehensive illustrations of both male and female genitalia for C. syla. To supplement these morphological findings, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences were generated, representing the first global DNA barcoding data for these species. Molecular analysis revealed a characteristic A + T bias (average 70.3%), consistent with Lepidoptera mitochondrial evolution. Preliminary phylogenetic reconstruction using Maximum Likelihood confirms the placement of these Indian taxa within the Theclini clade, showing low intergeneric genetic distances (5.0-6.5%) that align with recent genomic hypotheses suggesting potential synonymy within the Hypaurotis Scudder, 1876 group. These findings provide essential morphological and molecular baselines for rare high-altitude Lycaenidae and underscore the importance of integrating genital morphology with molecular tools for resolving the complex systematics of the tribe.
Downloads
Global Statistics ℹ️
|
6
Views
|
0
Downloads
|
|
6
Total
|
|
References
Cantlie, K. (1963). The Lycaenidae portion (except the Arhopala group) of Brigadier Evans’ The Identification of Indian Butterflies 1932 (India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma). Bombay Natural History Society.
Dincă, V., Dapporto, L., Somervuo, P., Vodă, R., Cuvelier, S., Gascoigne-Pees, M., Huemer, P., Mutanen, M., Hebert, P. D., & Vila, R. (2021). High resolution DNA barcode library for European butterflies reveals continental patterns of mitochondrial genetic diversity. Communications Biology, 4(1), 315. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-01834-7 PMid:33750912 PMCid:PMC7943782
Eliot, J. N. (1973). The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 28, 373-505. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.11171
Evans, W. H. (1932). The identification of Indian butterflies (second ed. revised). Bombay Natural History Society.
Flomer, O. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular marine biology and biotechnology, 3, 294-299.
Fujioka, T. (1993). A list of Theclini of the world. In S Hurita. ed. Zephyrus. (in Japanese) Garlani, L. (2024). Annotated Checklist of Rhopalocera of Himachal Pradesh, India (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 52(208), 623-676. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.1009
Hausmann, A., Haszprunar, G., Segerer, A. H., Speidel, W., Behounek, G., & Hebert, P. D. (2011). Now DNAbarcoded: the butterflies and larger moths of Germany. Spixiana, 34(1), 47-58.
Hebert, P. D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L., & DeWaard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1512), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218 PMid:12614582 PMCid:PMC1691236
Hebert, P. D., Dewaard, J. R., Zakharov, E. V., Prosser, S. W., Sones, J. E., McKeown, J. T., & La Salle, J. (2013). A DNA ‘Barcode Blitz’: Rapid digitization and sequencing of a natural history collection. PloS one, 8(7), e68535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068535 PMid:23874660 PMCid:PMC3707885
Howarth, T. G. (1957). A revision of the genus Neozephyrus Sibatani and Ito (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 233-285.
Huang, H. (2021). New or little-known butterflies from China-4. Atalanta, 52(3), 345-413.
Kehimkar, I. D. (2016). Butterflies of India: BNHS field guides. Bombay Natural History Society.
Kim, M. I., Wan, X., Kim, M. J., Jeong, H. C., Ahn, N. H., Kim, K. G., Han, Y. S., & Kim, I. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships of true butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) inferred from COI, 16S rRNA and EF-1α sequences. Molecules and cells, 30, 409-425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-010-0141-9 PMid:20853063
Klots, A. B. (1970). Lepidoptera. Taxonomist’s glossary of genitalia in insects (pp. 115-130). J. Jørgensen & CO. Koiwaya, S. (1999). A tentative list of the Theclini of the world. Nishikaze-Tsushin 10, 2-12.
Koiwaya, S. (2007). The Zephyrus hairstreaks of the World. Mushi-Sha [in Japanese]
Kokate, P. P., Techtmann, S. M., & Werner, T. (2021). Codon usage bias and dinucleotide preference in 29 Drosophila species. G3, 11(8), jkab191. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkab191 PMid:34849812 PMCid:PMC8496323
Kumar, V., Kundu, S., Chakraborty, R., Sanyal, A., Raha, A., Sanyal, O., Ranjan, R., Pakrashi, A., Tyagi, K., & Chandra, K. (2019). DNA barcoding of Geometridae moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera): a preliminary effort from Namdapha National Park, Eastern Himalaya. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 4(1), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1544037
Lavinia, P. D., Núñez Bustos, E. O., Kopuchian, C., Lijtmaer, D. A., Garcia, N. C., Hebert, P. D., & Tubaro, P. L. (2017). Barcoding the butterflies of southern South America: Species delimitation efficacy, cryptic diversity and geographic patterns of divergence. PloS one, 12(10), e0186845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186845 PMid:29049373 PMCid:PMC5648246
Lomov, B., Keith, D. A., Britton, D. R., & Hochuli, D. F. (2006). Are butterflies and moths useful indicators for restoration monitoring? A pilot study in Sydney’s Cumberland Plain Woodland. Ecological Management & Restoration, 7(3), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2006.00310.x
Lukhtanov, V. A., Sourakov, A., Zakharov, E. V., & Hebert, P. D. (2009). DNA barcoding Central Asian butterflies: increasing geographical dimension does not significantly reduce the success of species identification. Molecular ecology resources, 9(5), 1302-1310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02577.x PMid:21564901
Nakabayashi, Y., & Ohshima, I. (2024). Geographical variation in parasitoid communities and the cause of enemyfree space in a range-expanding myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(1), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad060
Näsvall, K., Boman, J., Talla, V., & Backström, N. (2023). Base composition, codon usage, and patterns of gene sequence evolution in butterflies. Genome Biology and Evolution, 15(8), evad150. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evad150 PMid:37565492 PMCid:PMC10462419
Odagiri, K. (2004). Molecular phylogeny of the silvicolous hairstreaks, Favonius and Japonica (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) [PhD Thesis]. Kyushu University.
Prieto, C., Núñez, R., & Hausmann, A. (2019). Molecular species delimitation in the genus Rhamma Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30(1), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2018.1462348 PMid:29671657
Ratnasingham, S., & Hebert, P. D. (2013). A DNA-based registry for all animal species: the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system. PloS one, 8(7), e66213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213 PMid:23861743 PMCid:PMC3704603
Robinson, G. S. (1976). The preparation of slides of Lepidoptera genitalia with special reference to the Microlepidoptera. Entomologist’s Gazette, 27, 127-132.
Saito, K., & Hasegawa, T. (2016). Description of a new species of the subtribe Theclina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Central Vietnam. Butterflies, 72, 46 48.
Shirôzu, T. (1956). A generic revision and the phylogeny of the tribe Theclini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Sieboldia, 4, 329-421.
Varshney, R. K., & Smetacek, P. (2015). A synoptic catalogue of the Butterflies of India. [1st ed.]. Butterfly Research Centre.
Wahlberg, N., Braby, M. F., Brower, A.V., De Jong, R., Lee, M. M., Nylin, S., Pierce, N. E., Sperling, F. A., Vila, R., Warren, A. D., & Zakharov, E. (2005). Synergistic effects of combining morphological and molecular data in resolving the phylogeny of butterflies and skippers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 72(1572), 1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3124 PMid:16048773 PMCid:PMC1560179
Wiemers, M., & Fiedler, K. (2007). Does the DNA barcoding gap exist? a case study in blue butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Frontiers in zoology, 4, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-4-8 PMid:17343734 PMCid:PMC1838910
Wynter-Blyth, M. A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society.
Yang, F., Ding, F., Chen, H., He, M., Zhu, S., Ma, X., Jiang, L., & Li, H. (2018). DNA barcoding for the identification and authentication of animal species in traditional medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2018(1), p.5160254. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5160254 PMid:29849709 PMCid:PMC5937547
Yang, M., Li, J., Su, S., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Ding, W., & Li, L. (2021). The mitochondrial genomes of Tortricidae: nucleotide composition, gene variation and phylogenetic performance. BMC genomics, 22, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08041-y PMid:34674653 PMCid:PMC8532297
Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J., Opler, P. A., & Grishin, N. V. (2020). Genomic evidence suggests further changes of butterfly names. The taxonomic report of the International Lepidoptera Survey, 8, 7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The author SS retains his trademark and patent rights to any process or procedure within the article.
The author retains the right to share, distribute, perform and publicly communicate the article published in SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, with initial acknowledgement of its publication in SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología.
The author retains the right to make a subsequent publication of his work, from using the article to publishing it in a book, provided that he indicates its initial publication in SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología.
Each submission to SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología must be accompanied by an acceptance of copyright and acknowledgement of authorship. By accepting them, authors retain copyright of their work and agree that the article, if accepted for publication by SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, will be licensed for use and distribution under a "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" (CC BY 4.0) licence that allows third parties to share and adapt the content for any purpose giving appropriate credit to the original work.
You may read here the basic information and the legal text of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.
As of 2022, the content of the print and digital version is licensed under a "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License" (CC BY 4.0), licence that allows third parties to share and adapt the content for any purpose giving appropriate credit to the original work.
Previous content in the journal was published under a traditional copyright licence; however, the archive is available for free access.
When using the contents of SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología published before 2022, including figures, tables or any other material in printed or electronic format belong to the authors of the articles, the authors must obtain the permission of the copyright holder. Legal, financial and criminal liabilities in this respect belong to the author(s).
In application of the Principle of Priority of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, no other version than the one published by the publisher may be deposited in repositories, personal websites or similar.
