Introduction

Tortricidae of Ethiopia are still very little known and since the MEYRICK (1932) publication of the results of expedition to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in the years 1926-1927 only the below discussed collections were made.

The history of the entomological expeditions of the University of Molise to southeast Ethiopia inthe years 2009 and 2010 were described by RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA (2010). Those of twoexpeditions to the Oromia Region by the entomologists of the Molise University and University of Milano were mentioned by same authors (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2012).

The material of the present study comes from a new expedition realized on February-March 2017 by the entomologists of the University of Molise to Amhara Region and Oromia Region in Central- Northeast Ethiopia. The itinerary of the expedition was: Oromia Region, Suba Forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23- II-2017 (Coord. 8º 58’ 18”N, 38º 32’ 20”E); Amhara Region, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II- 2017 (Coord. 11º 41’ 35”N, 37º 19’ 13”E); Oromia Region, Suba Forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017 (Coord. 8º 57’ 54”N, 38º 33’ 47”E); Oromia Region, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III- 2017 (Coord. 9º 01’ 06”N, 38º 21’ 35”E) (Figures 1-4).

During the above expeditions ca 70 Tortricidae species were collected of which 19 species were described as new. Further 22 species are listed and five new species are described by Razowski & Trematerra in this paper. Eight species were repeatedly found in these collections: Lozotaenia karchana, Razowski & Trematerra, 2010; Lozotaenia sciarrettae Razowski & Trematerra, 2010; Procrica ophiograpta (Meyrick); Procrica parisii Razowski & Trematerra, 2010; Choristoneura palladinoi Razowski & Trematerra, 2010; Emrahia tenuivalva Razowski & Trematerra, 2008; Endothenia ethiopica Razowski & Trematerra, 2010; Gypsonoma giorgiae Razowski & Trematerra, 2012.

The characteristics of the collection sites are as follows.

SUBA FOREST (Oromia Region), 2500 m/a.s.l. and 2840 m/a.s.l.: Suba Forest is one of the remaining examples of dry Afromontane forest. The vegetation varied with altitude, from high forest on the lower slopes to sub-afro-alpine vegetation at higher altitudes. The natural forest is dominated by Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. that grows to 30 m, and forms a relatively open canopy. Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.), Euphorbia ampliphylla Pax, Maytenus spp. and Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidate (Wall. ex G. Don) Cif., form the understorey, some Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) C.N. Page. trees are scattered throughout the forest. At higher altitudes, smaller Juniperus procera are mixed with Erica arborea L., the endemic Jasminum stans Pax and Rosa abyssinica R. Brown. Two giant herbs, Lobelia gibberoa Hemsl. and Solanecio gigas (Vatke) dominate the sides of the valleys, while the striking Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. carpets the forest floor (HAILU et al., 2000; SENBETA & TEKETAY, 2001) (Figures 1-2).

ZEGIE PENINSULA (Amhara Region), 1820 m/a.s.l.: the Zegie Peninsula has an area of 1230 ha. The elevation of the area ranges from 1775 to 1985 m/a.s.l.. Three fourth of the total area is surrounded by Lake Tana. This area is dominated by different vegetation such as Mimusops kummel Bruce ex A. DC. and Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. Whereas in the middle of the Peninsula, where the máximum elevation is 1885 m/a.s.l., the density as well as the distribution and type of vegetation varied, dominated by bush and woodland vegetation. In most places inside the Peninsula indigenous trees such as Apodytus dimidiate E. Mey. ex Arn., Celtis africana N.L. Burm., Cordia africana Lam., Ficus vasta Forssk., Millettia ferruginea (Hochst) Baker and Rothmannia urcelliformis (Hiern) Bullock ex Robyns are the dominant ones. Most coffee plantations are grown in the shade of these trees (ALELIGN et al., 2007) (Figure 3).

ADDIS ALEM, AMBO PARK (Oromia Region), 2170 m/a.s.l.: this study area could be categorized under Dry Evergreen Montane Forest which is characterized by the dominance of Juniperus and Olea species (WOLDU et al., 1999). The natural vegetation is dominated by shrubs to the large extent, scattered trees and herbaceous species. The study area is characterized by having diverse plant species such as Albizia schimperiana Oliv., Carissa spinarum L., Juniperus procera, Maytenus arbutifolia R. Wilczek, Myrsine africana L., Olea europaea subsp. cuspidate, Osyris quadripartite Salzm. ex Decne, Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan, etc. However, the vegetation of the area is severely threatened because of anthropogenic activity such as agricultural land expansion and grazing. In addition to this, in many areas, removing of the natural vegetation and replacing it by plantation is common (Figure 4).

Material and methods

Adults of tortricids were collected during the day by net and at night from a white sheet placed behind a 160 Watts mixed light. Genitalia were prepared using standard methods, the abdomen was macerated in 10% KOH and dissected under a stereoscopic microscope, the genitalia were separated and mounted in euparal on a glass slide.

Adults and slides are housed in P. Trematerra Collection, Campobasso (Italy).

Systematic part

ARCHIPINI

Lozotaenia karchanaRazowski & Trematerra, 2010

Material examined: 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀ from Oromia, Suba forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23-II-2017; 1 ♀ from Oromia, Suba forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017.

Remarks: Described from Karcha, Harenna Forest in the Bale Mountains in late January at the altitude of 2350 m and in the Harenna Forest (January, 1600 m) (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2010).

Lozotaenia sciarrettaeRazowski & Trematerra, 2010

Material examined: 3 ♀♀ from Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III-2017.

Described from the Harenna Forest, Karcha Camp from one pair collected late September at the altitude of 2350 m. RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA (2012) recorded it from the Ilubabor Zone, Bedelle at the Dabeta River. It was collected mid-November at the altitude of 1800 m.

Remarks: The male holotype differs from the female in having slenderer forewing (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2010). Facies of the above females is variable as shown in Figures 5, 6, 7.

Procrica ophiograpta (Meyrick, 1933)

Material examined: 3 ♂♂ from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23-II-2017; 4 ♂♂, from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017.

Remarks: P. ophiograpta was described from Djem-Djem Forest, Ethiopia. RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA (2010) recorded it from the Bale Mountains (collected late February at the altitude of 2350 m) and, same authors (2012) from Bedelle, Mute Forest (late January, at 2060 m).

Procrica parisiiRazowski & Trematerra, 2010

Material examined: 1 ♂ from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017.

Remarks: P. parisii was described from Dinsho Lodge, Bale Mountains where it was collected in February at the altitude of 3100 m.

The male genitalia were originally mistakenly numbered 43 instead of 46 (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2010). The species shows some external variation in the forewing markings and colouration (Figures 8, 24).

Choristoneura palladinoiRazowski & Trematerra, 2010

Material examined: 3 11 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: This Ethiopian species was described from Harenna Forest from one male collected late September at the altitude of 1600 m (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2010).

OLETHREUTINI

Lobesia semosa Diakonoff, 1992

Material examined: 3 ♂♂ from Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III-2017.

Remarks: L. semosa was described from the Ambre Mountains, N Madagascar from a single male (Figures 9, 25).

Eccopsis aegidia (Meyrick, 1932)

Material examined: 3 ♀♀ from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017.

Remarks: E. aegidia was described from Jam-Jam Forest, Ethiopia. The holotype was illustrated by CLARKE (1958), AARVIK (2004) redescribed and illustrated the male and female genitalia of the species. It is known from Kenya and Ethiopia.

Megalota rhopalitis (Meyrick, 1920)

Material examined: 2 ♂♂ from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: M. rhopalitis was described from Kenya (Nairobi Forest, 1700 m). According to AARVIK (2004) who redescribed rhopalitis it is known from Kenya and Tanzania.

BACTRINI

Bactra stagnicolana Zeller, 1852

Material examined: 1 ♀ from Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III-2017.

Remarks: DIAKONOFF (1963) revised this species and provided its distribution. B. stagnicolana is known from Mauritius, Nyassaland, South Africa (Cape Province, Southern Rodesia, Zimbabwe, Transvaal: Pretoria, Natal) and Madagascar. Ethiopia is the most north-east stand of the distribution of stagnicolana (Figures 10, 26).

Parabactra addisalema Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n. (Figure 11)

Material examined: Holotype ♂ from Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III-2017. Description: Wing span 20 mm. Head and thorax brownish, tegula paler. Foreiwng slender, typical of the genus. Ground colour brown-yellow; costal strigulae weak, pale; strigulation of wing brownish. Markings brown in form of dorsopostbasal spot, three spots in posterior half of median cell and weak marks from end of the latter to apex of wing. Cilia yellow-brown. Hindwing brownish, creamer apically; cilia similar.

Male genitalia (Figure 27): Uncus narrowed medially, with distal part broad spined apically; socii in form of hairy ends of apical lobes of tegumen; valva broad basally, slender terminally; sacculus with small postbasal group of spines and a large group of terminal spines; aedeagus slender, weakly bent.

Female unknown.

Diagnosis: In the facies, P. addisalema is similar to Bactra lancealana (Hübner, [1799]) but the valva without bulbous basal part, the terminal lobes of the tegumen and the sacculus similar to those of the Sumatran Parabactra foederata (Meyrick, 1909).

Etymology: The specific name refers to the type locality, Addis Alem, Ethiopia.

Emrahia Koçak, 1981

Emrahia Koçak, 1981, Priamus, 1: 120. Replacement name for ScoliographaDiakonoff, 1975.

ScoliographaDiakonoff, 1975, Zool. Meded., 48: 312. Type species: Argyroploce hoplista Meyrick, 1927, Sumatra; nom. preocc.

Remarks: Three species included: Argyroploce hoplista, the type-species of Scoliographa(Sumatra, India, Taiwan), Polychrosis acanthis Meyrick, 1920 (India: Bengal) and Emrahia tenuivalvaRazowski & Trematerra, 2008 (Mozambique).

The male genitalia of the three are very similar especially of the two lasts mentioned. E. hoplista differs from them in deep ventral incision of valva and slender end of uncus.

E. acanthis, comb. n. and E. tenuivalva have ill-defined ventral incision and may be conspecific. However, they differ in the shape of the sacculus (very shallow in tenuivalva). The female genitalia of hoplista and the latter have different sterigma and sclerites of antrum. The two Meyrick species are illustrated by CLARKE (1958) and DIAKONOFF (1975). E. tenuivalva is here treated as a valid species.

Emrahia tenuivalvaRazowski & Trematerra, 2008 (Figure 12)

Material examined: 4 11 and 1 0 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: E. tenuivalva was described from Zitundo and Namaacha, Mozambique where was collected in January in the Acacia savanna and the open savannah (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2008).

Description of female genitalia (Figure 28): Sterigma short with lateral lobes; sclerite of antrum uniformly broad, long; signum typical of the tribe.

Endothenia ethiopicaRazowski & Trematerra, 2010 (Figure 13)

Material examined: 1 1 and 1 0 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: E. ethiopica was described from five males collected in Harenna Forest and Dinsho, Geasay Valley, Bale Mountains where it was collected in late September at the altitudes of 2350 and 3000 m. RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA (2012) recorded it from Ilubabor zone (Bedelle, Mute Forest at 2060 m, and near Bedelle at Dabeda River, late January).

The, above mentioned specimens, characterize with forewings slenderer than those of type series and have shorter terminal edges. The male genitalia of all examined examples seem identical.

The sterigma of ethiopica differs from E. gutturalis in having much shorter posterior lobe of postostial sterigma and membranous cup-shaped distal part of ductus bursae. Female genitalia of the third related species, E. albapexRazowski & Trematerra, 2010 are illustrated by same authors in 2012. It differs from the above mentioned ones by a simple antrum with ill-defined sclerites.

Description of female genitalia, hitherto unknown (Figure 29): Anteostial sterigma in form of beltlike sclerite; postostial sterigma fairly broad with large postmedian lobes; antrum sclerite large with two ventro proximal processes and dorsal colliculum; distal part of ductus bursae cup-shaped, membranous.

ENARMONIINI

Tetramoera isogramma (Meyrick, 1908) (Figure 14)

Material examined: 6 11 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: T. isogramma was described from Pretoria, Transvaal, RSA and the type was illustrated by CLARKE (1958) in Eucosma; DIAKONOFF (1982) mentioned it from Sri Lanka and South Africa and RAZOWSKI (2015) from South Africa.

EUCOSMINI

Megaherpystis Diakonoff, 1969, Tijdschr. Ent., 112(3): 97; type-species: Megaherpystis eusema Diakonoff, 1969.

Megaherpystis was established for a single Afrotropical species (from Seychelles and Aldabra). Several species were erroneously described or placed in Cosmetra Diakonoff, 1977, the genus represented in BROWN catalogue (2005) by two Diakonoff’s species and revised by AARVIK (2016). RAZOWSKI & BROWN (2012) redescribed this genus under Cosmetra. The list of species included to Megaherpystis is as follows.

Megaherpystis accipitrina (Meyrick, 1913), Ann. Transv. Mus., 3(4) 247 (Eucosma) - comb. n. Type locality: Barberton, RSA.

Remarks: The holotype, male, was redescribed and illustrated by RAZOWSKI & KRÜGER (2007).

Megaherpystis calliarma (Meyrick, 1909), Ann. Transv. Mus., 2(1): 8 (Eucosma) - comb. n. Type locality: Pretoria, RSA.

Remarks: The holotype, female, was redescribed and illustrated by RAZOWSKI & KRÜGER (2007). One male (genital slide 4629, Transvaal Museum) differing from the holotype in having whiter forewing ground colour. RAZOWSKI (2015) recorded it from Royal Natal National Park and Drakensberg, Cathedral Park, RSA.

Megaherpystis maficana (Razowski, 2015), Acta zool. cracov., 58(1): 46 (Cosmetra) - comb. n. Type locality: Mafika Lisu Pass, Lesotho, RSA.

Megaherpystis nereidopa (Meyrick, 1927), Exotic Microlepid., 3: 333 (Eucosma) - comb. n. Type locality: Kericho, Kenya. Eucosma phylloscia (Meyrick, 1937), Exotic Microlepid., 3: 333 (Eucosma). Type locality: N. Bugishu, Uganda.

Remarks: Types of nereidopa and phyllosocia are illustrated by CLARKE (1958).

Megaherpystis hendrickxi (Ghesquière, 1940), Annls Mus. Congo Belge, (3) 7(1): 98 (Polychrosis). Type locality: Baie du Congo, Congo [Zaire].

Remarks: The holotype was redescribed and illustrated by RAZOWSKI et al. (2010) under the generic name Sycacantha.

Megaherpystis podocarpivora (Razowski & Brown, 2012), Zootaxa, 32222: 13 (Cosmetra) - comb. n. Type locality: Gatamayu Forest, Central Province, Kenya.

Megaherpystis taitana (Razowski & Brown, 2012), Zootaxa, 32222: 14 (Cosmetra) - comb. n. Type locality: Ngangao Forest/Taita Hills, Coast Province, Kenya.

Material examined: Holotype ♂ from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23-II-2017; paratype: 1 ♂, same data as holotype.

Description: Wing span 14 mm. Head and thorax brownish cream. Forewing not expanding terminad; costa weakly convex; apex short; termen sinuate. Ground colour brownish cream; strigulation weak, brown. Markings brown consisting of basal blotch diffuse dorsally, median fascia and indistinct subapical and apical elements, all well developed at costa, dorsally and indistinct dorsally, and marked by blackish brown longitudinal lines medially and last towards apex of wing. Cilia brownish. Hindwing brownish, in part translucent, paler basally; cilia concolorous with wing.

Variation: In paratype wing span 13 mm; ground colour browner than in the holotype, markings better visible.

Male genitalia (Figure 30): Uncus slender, broadening terminally, slightly concave apically; socius long, drooping; gnathos weak, slender; valva slender with distinct neck; sacculus almost straight with small convexity at angle; cucullus elongate; aedeagus simple, slender.

Female unknown.

Diagnosis: C. subae is related to C. accipitrina (Meyrick, 1913) but without uncus which in the latter is well developed, helmet-shaped.

Etymology: The name refers to the type locality, Suba Forest, Ethiopia.

Megaherpystis oromiae Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n. (Figures 16-17)

Material examined: Holotype ♂ from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2840 m/a.s.l., 2-III-2017; paratypes: 3 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀, same data as holotype.

Description: Wing span 16 mm. Head and thorax pale brownish. Forewing uniformly broad throughout; apex pointed; termen indistintcly concave beneath apex. Ground colour pale brownish; markings dark brown consisting of basal blotch both atrophying dorsally, and apical suffusion. Cilia brownish. Hindwing pale brown, darkening on peripheries. Cilia concolorous with middle of wing.

Male genitalia (Figure 31): Uncus absent; socius drooping, with dorsal thorn; valva rather slender with slender neck and elongate-oval cucullus with rounded ventral lobe; aedeagus short, pointed ventro-terminally.

Female genitalia (Figure 32): Apophyses rather short; anteostial sterigma shallow, membranous; postostial sterigma consisting of two scobinate plates; antrum sclerite slender in proximal half with strongly reduced ventral sack; signa slender.

Diagnosis: M. oromiae is closely related to M. calliarma; the male of oromiae has much slender and longer neck of the valva; from M. subai it differs chiefly by the lack of the uncus.

Etymology: The name refers to the type locality, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.

Cosmetra tumulata (Meyrick, 1908) (Figure 18)

Material examined: 1 1 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: C. tumulata was decribed from Pretoria and its synonym, C. neka Razowski & Brown, 2009 from the Cape Province, RSA.

Gypsonoma giorgiaeRazowski & Trematerra, 2012 (Figure 19)

Material examined: 1 0 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: G. giorgiae was described from Ilubabor Zone, Bedelle at Dabeda River (1800 m, in mid-November (RAZOWSKI & TREMATERRA, 2012).

Description of female genitalia (Figure 33): Sterigma semioval, rounded proximally, almost straight posteriorly, with small lateral plates; antrum sclerite fairly long; proximal half of ductus bursae broad; signa slender.

Gypsonoma paradelta (Meyrick, 1925)

Material examined: 1 1 and 8 00 from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23-II-2017.

Remarks: G. paradelta was described from KwaZulu-Natal, RSA and its synonym Eucosma picrodeltaMeyrick, 1932 from Djem-Djem Forest, Ethiopia. CLARKE (1958) illustrated the type of the later, RAZOWSKI & KRÜGER (2007) redescribed and figured the holotype of paradelta, and AARVIK (2008) revised it, transferred to Gypsonoma, and provided its distribution. G. paradelta is known from South Africa, Kenya and Tanzania.

GRAPHOLITINI

Eucosmocydia zegieana Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n. (Figure 20)

Material examined: Holotype ♂ from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017; paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype.

Description: Wingspan 13 mm. Head and thorax dark brown, labial palpus dark brown with White scales. Forewing slightly expanding terminad; costa weakly oblique; termen somewhat sinuate. Groundcolour white in form of large dorsal patch dorsally marked by small brown spots and darker spots between brown suffusions and strigulae in remaining area of wing; some spots in apical and terminal parts of wing pale orange. Costal strigulae cream. Cilia brown. Hindwing dark brown; cilia paler.

Male genitalia (Figure 34): Tegumen typical of the genus, rather slender; valva slender, long with weak ventral incision; cucullus slender with indistinct ventro-proximal prominence; aedeagus slender, bent.

Female genitalia (Figure 35): Apophyses long; sterigma consisting of pair of weak postostial sclerites; ductus bursae slender, slightly sclerotized in proximal half.

Diagnosis: E. zegieana is closely related to E. pharangodes (Meyrick, 1920) from Kenya but differs from it in having distinct whitish dorsal patch, slender, long cucullus, and long, slender posterior part of aedeagus, and long anterior membranous part of ductus bursae.

Etymology: The name refers to the type locality, Zegie Peninsula in Ethiopia.

Dracontogena continentalis Karisch, 2005

Material examined: 1 0 from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017.

Remarks: D. continentalis was described as a subspecies of D. niphadonta Diakonoff, 1970 from Mbala, Zambia. The genus was revised by AARVIK et al. (2012).

Thaumatographa amarana Razowski & Trematerra, sp. n. (Figure 21)

Material examined: Holotype ♂ from Amhara, Zegie Peninsula, 1820 m/a.s.l., 28-II-2017; paratypes: 3 ♂♂, same data as holotype.

Description: Wing span 16 mm. Head and thorax pale brown with whitish scales. Forewing weakly expanding terminad; costa slightly convex; termen somewhat oblique, hardly convex. Costal strigulae weak. Ground colour pale brown with whitish admixture; row of whitish strips along termen; strigulation brownish. Markings and suffusions brown consisting of basal, median and postmedian parts. The latter strongly convex beneath costa towards middle. Cilia brownish with darker interruptions. Hindwing greyish brown with some browner strigulae at apex; cilia almost concolorous with middle of wing.

Male genitalia (Figure 36): Tegumen typical of the genus; neck of valva fairly long, moderately broad, without thorns or processes; ventral incision shallow; cucullus oval, symmetrical posteriorly, without ventral lobe, weakly setose ventro-proximally; aedeagus short.

Female unknown.

Diagnosis: T. amarana is related to T. leucotreta (Meyrick, 1913) but differs from it chiefly in having short, tapering posteriorly aedeagus; short sacculus; oval, and symmetrical cucullus with almost uniform setation, without group of long ventro-proximal group of setae.

Etymology: The name refers to the type locality, Amhara Region in Ethiopia.

Thaumatographa leucotreta (Meyrick, 1924) (Figures 22-23)

Material examined: 1 1 from Oromia, Suba Forest, 2500 m/a.s.l., 23-II-2017; 1 0 from Oromia, Addis Alem, Ambo Park, 2170 m/a.s.l., 3-III-2017.

Remarks: T. leucotreta is known from Gambia and South Africa. Our specimens have an aberrative colouration and shape of the forewings hence we illustrate the adults and their genitalia (Figures 37-38).

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Pasquale Calabrese and Dr Lorenzo Goglia (University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy), and Dr Tesfu Fekensa (University of Molise and Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) for technical support received during the field trip.

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