Introduction

This paper is the seventeenth in the series of annual summaries of new knowledge of Portuguese Lepidoptera. It gives records of species of Lepidoptera added to the Portuguese fauna in 2022 and some unpublished earlier records, together with new province records not included in the checklist (Corley, 2015). Additional data include new data on larval host-plants within the country and second and third records of species for the country. Papers published in 2022 and part of 2023 that relate to the Portuguese Lepidoptera fauna are listed and briefly summarised. Finally, an Appendix lists the new species for Portugal separately, with numbers indicating their position in the checklist; new genera for Portugal have author and year of publication given.

The Portuguese moth recording scheme “Rede de Estações de Borboletas Nocturnas” which started in 2021 has made a significant contribution to knowledge of the distribution of moths in Portugal. New province records from this source are included in this paper.

Eight species new for Portugal are listed below, of which two are new for the Iberian Peninsula. One species is removed from the Portuguese list.

In Corley et al. (2022) the number of Lepidoptera species recognised from Portugal was 2754. With the current paper and other papers mentioned herein this total has risen to 2775.

Material and Methods

Most species were captured at light. For specimens not taken at light, the means of capture is given. Specimens are retained in the collections of the original recorders, unless otherwise stated. However, many records are based only on photographic evidence. Original photos (figures 1-8) of all species new for Portugal including those without a voucher specimen (figures 7, 8) are provided in this paper.

The order and nomenclature of families and species follows the Portuguese list (Corley, 2015) and subsequent updates in this series (Corley et al. 2016, 2018a, 2018b, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022). The nomenclature of plant names follows the Euro+Med Plant-Base (2006).

The entry for species new for Portugal concludes with a summary of the known European distribution taken from Karsholt & van Nieukerken (2013) and available information on the larval hostplant, given in square brackets if the information comes from outside Portugal.

Localities with UTM squares and altitude: (Municipality in brackets)

Recorders and determiners

Abbreviations and symbols

conf. confirmed by

det. determined by

gen. det. determined by analysis of genitalia dissection by

gen. prep. genitalia preparation by

REBN Record obtained through the Portuguese moth recording scheme “Rede de Estações de

Borboletas Nocturnas”.

* New for Portugal.

** New for the Iberian Peninsula.

Provinces:

List of families and species

NEPTICULIDAE

Ectoedemia phaeolepis Van Nieukerken, A. Laštůvka & Z. Laštůvka, 2010

BL: Ansião, 25-VI-2021, Rosete, gen. prep. Dale.

ADELIDAE

Adela collicolella Walsingham, 1904 BB: Monsanto, by day, 17-IV-2022, Rosete.

INCURVARIIDAE

Crinopteryx familiella Peyerimhoff, 1871 DL: Quintarrei, leafmines on Halimium ocymoides (Lam.) Willk., 4-II-2021, Nunes.

TINEIDAE

Nemapogon variatella (Clemens, 1859) E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, gen. prep. Dale.

Trichophaga tapetzella (Linnaeus, 1758) BL: Louriçal, 11-X-2021, Rosete.

BUCCULATRICIDAE

Bucculatrix diffusella Menhofer, 1943 Third Portuguese record. BL: Praia do Areão, reared from pupa on Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang., 25-VIII-2022, Rosete.

GRACILLARIIDAE

Phyllonorycter lautella (Zeller, 1846) Second Portuguese record. DL: Avintes, 20-II-2022, Teixeira, det. Nunes.

Triberta helianthemella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1860) TM: Vale da Porca, larvae on Halimium umbellatum (L.) Spach, 24-IV-2022, Nunes.

Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic, 1986 BL: Castelo do Germanelo, 10-VI-2022, Rosete.

YPONOMEUTIDAE

Pseudoswammerdamia combinella (Hübner, 1786) TM: Rio Azibo at Banreses, by day, 24-IV-2022, Nunes, C. Silva and Teixeira.

GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE

Glyphipterix simpliciella (Stephens, 1834) BB: Miradouro da Senhora do Almurtão, by day, 17-IV-2022, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete.

PRAYDIDAE

Prays peregrina Agassiz, 2007 Fifth and sixth records. DL: Susão, by day, 13-III-2022, Nunes; Areia, Mindelo, 09-VII-2022, L. Silva, det. Nunes. The increasing frequency of records of this species suggests that it is a recent arrival and not an overlooked native.

AUTOSTICHIDAE

Symmocoides don (Gozmány, 1963) BA: Batocas, 15-VI-2015, Corley and Romão.

LECITHOCERIDAE

Eurodachtha siculella (Wocke, 1889) E: Serra do Socorro, 18-VI-2022, Cardoso, conf. Corley.

OECOPHORIDAE

Denisia piresi Corley, 2014 Third locality for this endemic species. BL: Louriçal, 5-V-2022, Rosete, gen. det. Dale.

Goidanichiana jourdheuillella (Ragonot, 1875) E: Bairro, 2 km W of Ota, 1-VII-2022, Cardoso.

Dasycera oliviella (Fabricius, 1794) E: Pó, 4-VII-2022, Cardoso.

DEPRESSARIIDAE

Agonopterix ciliella (Stainton, 1849) BL: Grada, Barcouço, 4-I-2022, L. Silva, det. Corley.

GELECHIIDAE

Teleiodes italica Huemer, 1992 BA: Portela de Famalicão, 1-VIII-2021, Rosete, gen. prep. Dale.

** Carpatolechia notatella (Hübner, 1813) TM: Lama Grande, 16-VI-2022, Nunes, C. Silva and Jesus, gen. det. Nunes (figure 1). Widespread in Europe, not recorded from Spain, most Balkan countries and Mediterranean islands. [Salix L.].

Delete Istrianis myricariella (Frey, 1970) The specimen on which the record (Corley et al. 2000) was based has been re-examined and belongs to the next species,

* Istrianis arenicolella (Caradja, 1920) ALG: Colinas Verdes, Bensafrim, 26-IX-1995, Corley (as I. myricariella in Corley et al. 2000); Quinta de Marim, 12-IV-2022, Valkenburg, reared on Tamarix L. by Nunes, gen. det. Nunes (figure 2). Algeria, France, Spain.

COLEOPHORIDAE

Coleophora calycotomella Stainton, 1869 E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, gen. prep. Dale.

Coleophora genistae Stainton, 1857 DL: Susão, larvae on Genista triacanthos Brot., 16-IV-2022, Nunes.

Coleophora albicosta (Haworth, 1828) BB: Barragem da Meimoa, by day, 17-IV-2022, Rosete.

Coleophora ribasella Baldizzone, 1982 Third and fourth Portuguese records. BL: Praia de Mira, empty cases on Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang., 24-VIII-2022, Rosete; Praia do Areão, 25-VIII-2022, Rosete.

Coleophora nutantella Mühlig & Frey, 1857 BL: Castelo do Germanelo, 10-VI-2022, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete.

Coleophora crepidinella Zeller, 1847 E: Costa da Caparica, larvae on Beta maritima L., 31-V-2022, Nunes.

LYPUSIDAE

Agnoea filiella (Staudinger, 1859) BL: Ansião, 25-VI-2021, Rosete, gen. prep. Dale.

PTEROPHORIDAE

Delete Agdistis glaseri Arenberger, 1978. Records belong to A. bifurcatus Agenjo, 1952. Reinstate Agdistis bifurcatus Agenjo, 1952. In Corley et al. (2018b) all records were erroneously transferred to A.glaseri as a result of confusion over the numbering of species on the plates in Arenberger (1995).

Stenoptilia gallobritannidactyla Gibeaux, 1985 BL: Lagoa de São José, by day, 3-VII-2022, Rosete, gen. det. The genus Stenoptilia is exceptionally problematic, with many taxa affected by wide divergence of opinion between different authorities. Gielis (1996) adopted a very broad species concept within the genus (22 species in Europe), while some French authors went to the other extreme: Leraut’s 1997 checklist has 36 species in France alone. Arenberger (2005) occupied the middle ground, accepting 46 species in Europe of which two were described in 2002, after Gielis (1996). He accepted S. inopinataBigot & Picard, 2002 as a good species but we have examined a number of Portuguese specimens and can find no significant difference between S. inopinata and S. gallobritannidactyla and therefore consider them to be synonymous. As this is based on Arenberger’s illustrations, which are not from type specimens except for the male of gallobritannidactyla, we prefer not to make a formal synonymisation.

Adaina microdactyla (Hübner, 1813) BL: Castelo do Germanelo, 30-IV-2022, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete, conf. Corley

EPERMENIIDAE

* Epermenia pontificella (Hübner, 1796) BB: Segura, Praia Fluvial, 7-V-2022, Teixeira, det. Nunes (figure 3). Spain eastwards, extending north to Lithuania but absent from north-west Europe and most Mediterranean islands. [Thesium L.].

CHOREUTIDAE

Choreutis pariana (Clerck, 1759) ALG: Alfambras, 6-IX-2021, Valadares.

TORTRICIDAE

Archips rosana (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, V-2022, reared from larva on Arbutus unedo L., Valadares, det. Nunes.

Clepsis coriacanus (Rebel, 1894) E: Palácio de Sintra, 1-V-2022, reared from Polypodium L., Fraser-Jenkins, det. Corley.

Acleris literana (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

Phtheochroa duponchelana (Duponchel, 1843) E: Campolide, 10-V-2022, by day, Ramos, det. Corley.

Cochylimorpha punctiferana (Ragonot, 1881) Fourth Portuguese record. TM: Samodães, 20-V-2022, Nunes.

Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) The record from BA given in Corley et al. (2018) belongs to L. virulenta Bae & Komai, 1991. There is a BA record of L. botrana from Quinta do Chegão, 16-V-2018, Corley.

Rhyacionia duplana (Hübner, 1813) ALG: Sargaçal, 18-I-2022, Valadares; E: Pó, 2-I-2022, Cardoso.

** Dichrorampha aeratana (Pierce & Metcalfe, 1915) DL: Rio Ovelha, Folhada, by day, 29-IV-2022, Teixeira, gen. det. Nunes (fig. 4). Widespread in Europe but not recorded from Spain or the Balkan countries and some Mediterranean islands. [Leucanthemum vulgare Lam,].

* Dichrorampha baixerasana Trematerra, 1991 TM: Salselas, by day, 17-VI-2022, Teixeira, gen. det. Nunes (fig. 5). Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Croatia, Albania. Host-plant unknown.

LIMACODIDAE

Hoyosia codeti (Oberthür, 1883) R: Concavada, 1-VII-2022, Alves (REBN).

PYRALIDAE

Asalebria florella (Mann, 1862) DL: Susão, larva on Genista triacanthos Brot., 22-V-2022, Nunes.

Elegia fallax (Staudinger, 1881) The record from Bertiandos (as E. fallaximima Nel & Mazel, 2011) (Corley et al. 2015) belongs to E. atrifasciella.

Elegia atrifasciella Ragonot, 1887 M: Bertiandos, 8-VII-2014, Corley.

Ephestia elutella (Hübner, 1796) BL: Casais do Porto, 29-V-2016, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete.

Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) BL: Louriçal, 6-VII-2022, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete.

CRAMBIDAE

Hodebertia testalis (Fabricius, 1794) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 30-X-2022, Valadares.

Evergestis isatidalis (Duponchel, 1833) TM: Mirandela, 1-V-2022, Gonzalez.

Anarpia incertalis (Duponchel, 1832) E: Fontainhas, 11-V-2022, Fraser-Jenkins, det. Corley

DREPANIDAE

Polyploca ridens (Fabricius, 1787) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

LASIOCAMPIDAE

Trichiura castiliana Spuler, 1908 AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 29-X-2022, Valadares.

Trichiura ilicis (Rambur, 1866) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

Malacosoma neustria (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-V-2022, Valadares.

Phyllodesma suberifolia (Duponchel, 1842) E: Pó, 24-VIII-2022, Cardoso.

SPHINGIDAE

Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 30-X-2022, Valadares.

GEOMETRIDAE

Idaea barbuti Tautel & Lévèque, 2013 DL: Couce, 14-VIII-2022, Nunes, gen. det. Nunes; TM: Lama Grande, 16-VIII-2022, Nunes, gen. det. Nunes.

Idaea obsoletaria (Rambur, 1833) E: Pó, 10-VII-2022, Cardoso (REBN).

Idaea blaesiiLenz & Hausmann, 1992 E: Trafaria, 2-VII-2022, Fabião, gen. det. Cardoso (REBN); BL: Poço, 23-VII-2020, Rosete, gen. det. Rosete.

Idaea rubraria Staudinger, 1901 BL: Larça, 20-VIII-2022, L. Silva (REBN).

Scopula ornata (Scopoli, 1763) DL: Couce, 4-IX-2022, Nunes (REBN).

Scopula submutata (Treitschke, 1828) TM: Vale da Porca, larva on Thymus mastichina L., 24-IV-2022, Nunes.

Xanthorhoe fluctuata (Linnaeus, 1758) DL: Quintarrei, larva on Teesdalia nudicaulis (L.) R. Br., 30-I-2021, Nunes.

Larentia malvata (Rambur, 1833) R: Alpiarça, 23-X-2022, Nascimento, conf. Nunes (REBN); AAL: Monsaraz, 12-XI-2022, Guégués, det. Nunes (REBN).

Eupithecia massiliata Millière, 1865 E: Trafaria, 26-III-2022, Fabião (REBN).

Eupithecia oxycedrata (Rambur, 1833) E: Praia das Bicas, 1-I-2022, Almeida, det. Valadares (REBN).

Eupithecia innotata (Hufnagel, 1767) M: Mindelo, larva on Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima (DC.) Arcang., 9-X-2021, Nunes.

Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 28-III-2022, Valadares.

Digrammia rippertaria (Duponchel, 1830) Second Portuguese record. BB: Segura, Praia Fluvial, 11-VI-2021, Teixeira.

Acanthovalva inconspicuaria (Hübner, 1819) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 30-X-2022, Valadares.

Colotois pennaria (Linnaeus, 1761) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-X-2022, Valadares.

Phigalia pilosaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) M: São Vicente de Penso, 28-I-2022, Gomes (REBN).

Biston strataria (Hufnagel, 1767) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

Aleucis distinctata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1839) AAL: Marvão, 27-III-2022, Valadares.

Compsoptera jourdanaria (Serres, 1826) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 28-X-2022, Valadares.

Phaiogramma etruscaria (Zeller, 1849) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 29-V-2022, Valadares.

NOTODONTIDAE

Cerura iberica (Templado & Ortiz, 1966) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

Drymonia ruficornis (Hufnagel, 1766) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares.

Pheosia tremula (Clerck, 1759) M: São Vicente de Penso, 26-IV-2022, Gomes (REBN).

EREBIDAE

Lymantria dispar (Linnaeus, 1758) R: Concavada, 1-VII-2022, Alves (REBN).

Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758) ALG: Perna Negra, 11-X-2020, Valadares.

Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, 1904) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-V-2022, Valadares.

Eilema uniola (Rambur, 1866) E: Freixial, Bucelas, 11-VIII-2022, Godinho (REBN).

Nodaria nodosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851) E: Trafaria, 14-IV-2022, Fabião (REBN).

Lygephila craccae (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) M: Porto Cerdeira, Sistelo, 9-IX-2022, Valadares.

Pandesma robusta (Walker, 1958) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 28-X-2022, Valadares.

NOCTUIDAE

Thysanoplusia daubei (Boisduval, 1840) E: Trafaria, 24-X-2022, Fabião (REBN).

Pseudozarba bipartita (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) AAL: Monsaraz, 8-VII-2022, Guégués, det. Nunes (REBN).

Aedia leucomelas (Linnaeus, 1758) R: Alpiarça, 9-X-2022, Nascimento, conf. Nunes (REBN).

Acronicta cuspis (Hübner, 1813) Second Portuguese record. M: Bertiandos, larva on Salix L., X-2022, Gonçalves; DL: Parque Biológico de Gaia, larva on Alnus glutinosa L., 20-IX-2022, adult emerged 18-V-2023, Teixeira.

Cucullia erythrocephala Wagner, 1914 AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 26-III-2022, Valadares, gen. prep. Cardoso, det. Nunes, conf. Yela.

Bryonycta pineti (Staudinger, 1859) BL: Poço, 4-VII-2022, Rosete.

Heliothis nubigera Herrich-Schäffer, 1851 R: Alpiarça, 30-V-2022, Nascimento, conf. Nunes (REBN); AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 28-V-2022, Valadares.

Callopistria juventina (Stoll, 1782) E: Cesaredas, Reguengo Grande, 12-VI-2022, Cardoso (REBN).

Cryphia lusitanica (Draudt, 1931) AAL: Monsaraz, 9-IX-2022, Guégués, det. Nunes (REBN).

Bryophila ravula (Hübner, 1813) R: Alpiarça, 25-IX-2022, Nascimento, det. Corley (REBN).

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1838) AAL: Monsaraz, 14-X-2022, Guégués (REBN); E: Praia do Samouco, 1-IX-2014, Rosete.

Caradrina aspersa Rambur, 1834 M: Aboim, 25-VII-2019, Nunes.

* Caradrina flava Oberthür, 1876 E: Trafaria, 28-X-2022, Fabião, gen. det. Nunes (fig. 6). Spain, Malta, Greece, including Crete. Host-plant unknown.

Nonagria typhae (Thunberg, 1784) E: Pó, 16-VI-2022, Cardoso (REBN).

Apamea arabs (Oberthür, 1881) R: Concavada, 5-V-2022, Alves (REBN).

Episema grueneri Boisduval, 1837 AAL: Monte da Saravisca, 14-X-2017, Valadares.

Agrochola lunosa (Haworth, 1809) AAL: Monte da Saravisca, 2-XI-2019, Valadares.

* Agrochola litura (Linnaeus, 1758) TM: Ribeiro de Guilharde, Meixedo, 15-X-2022, C. Silva, Jesus and Fernandes, det. Yela (figure 7). Almost all Europe. [Polyphagous on herbaceous and woody plants].

Agrochola lota (Clerck, 1759) ALG: Alfambras, 5-I-2022, Valadares (REBN).

Agrochola circellaris (Hufnagel, 1766) ALG: Alfambras, 5-I-2022, Valadares (REBN).

Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-III-2022, Valadares

Lithophane furcifera (Hufnagel, 1766) Third Portuguese record. TM: Ponte de Carvalhal, 5-III-2021, Fernandes.

Lithophane leautieri (Boisduval, 1829) BL: Larça, 11-XI-2022, L. Silva (REBN).

Cosmia diffinis (Linnaeus, 1767) Second Portuguese record. BA: Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Aguiar, 27-VII-2019, Romão and Pires.

Dicycla oo (Linnaeus, 1758) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-V-2022, Valadares.

Dryobotodes roboris (Geyer, 1835) AAL: Monte da Saravisca, 1-XI-2019, Valadares.

* Ammoconia caecimacula (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) TM: Gondesende, 30-X-2022, Valkenburg, conf. Nunes (figure 8). Nearly all Europe, absent from British Isles, Albania and some Mediterranean islands. [Polyphagous on herbaceous plants].

Trigonophora jodea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-X-2022, Valadares.

Aporophyla lueneburgensis (Freyer, 1848) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 30-X-2022, Valadares.

Aporophyla canescens (Duponchel, 1826) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-X-2022, Valadares.

Polymixis dubia (Duponchel, 1836) R: Concavada, 4-X-2022, Alves (REBN).

Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel, 1766) AAL: Reveladas, 4-III-2019, Valadares.

Orthosia miniosa (Denis & Schifermüller, 1775) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-III-2022, Valadares.

Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius, 1775) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-III-2022, Valadares.

Anorthoa munda (Denis & Schifermüller, 1775) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 27-III-2022, Valadares.

Anarta gredosi (de Laever, 1977) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 29-III-2022, Valadares, conf. Corley

Hecatera dysodea (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) BL: Reguengo do Fetal, 27-VIII-2022, Mourão, det. Nunes (REBN).

Hadena magnolii (Boisduval, 1829) AAL: Sítio da Maceira, 29-V-2022, Valadares.

Hadena albimacula (Borkhausen, 1792) BL: Casais da Cruz da Areia, 13-VII-2022, Soares (REBN).

Leucania obsoleta (Hübner, 1803) R: Alpiarça, 9-IV-2022, Nascimento, det. Nunes (REBN); E: Trafaria, 1-IX-2022, Fabião (REBN).

Leucania zeae (Duponchel, 1827) E: Trafaria, 8-IX-2022, Fabião (REBN).

Dichagyris nigrescens (Höfner, 1888) Third Portuguese record. BB: Cortes do Meio, 26-VI-2014, Romão, det. Corley

Agrotis catalaunensis (Millière, 1873) R: Alpiarça, 9-III-2022, Nascimento, det. Cardoso (REBN).

Agrotis spinifera (Hübner, 1808) AAL: Monsaraz, 8-IV-2022, Guégués, det. Nunes (REBN).

Cerastis rubricosa (Denis & Schifermüller, 1775) AAL: Ramila, 4-III-2019, Valadares.

Noctua interjecta Hübner, 1803 ALG: Alfambras, 4-VIII-2022, Valadares (REBN).

NOLIDAE

Earias albovenosana Oberthür, 1917 ALG: Paraíso, Bensafrim, larva on Salix L., 21-V-2022, emerged 4-VI-2022, Valadares; E: Freixial, Bucelas, 11-VIII-2022, Godinho (REBN).

Earias clorana (Linnaeus, 1761) The record from Beira Alta in Corley (2015) based on Vale de Amoreira, 13-VII-2013, Romão, belongs to E. albovenosana.

Recent literature

Bartsch et al. (2021) have revised the genus Pyropteron. They conclude that P. muscaeformis subspecies lusohispanica is synonymous with P. koschwitzi. There is no evidence that typical P. muscaeformis occurs in Portugal, so it must be deleted from the list.

They distinguished a new subspecies of P. leucomelaena occurring in south Spain and Morocco, while the typical subspecies is present in central and northern Spain. No Portuguese material of this species was examined, so which subspecies occurs there remains to be established.

Corley et al. (2022) add 13 species to the Portuguese list and delete two.

Gaedike (2022) describes a new species, Epermenia lusitanica from Ericeira on the Portuguese coast.

Macià et al. (2022) have revised the genus Eilema Hübner, 1819 based on morphological and genetic study of European species. The 11 Portuguese species are placed in seven different genera:

Katha Moore, 1878 depressa (Esper, 1787)

Indalia Macià, Ylla, Gastón, Huertas & Bau, 2022 uniola (Rambur, 1866) marcida (Mann, 1859)

pygmaeola pallifrons (Zeller, 1847) predotae (Schawerda, 1927)

Nyea Agenjo, 1982 lurideola (Zincken, 1817)

Eilema Hübner, 1819 caniola (Hübner, 1808)

Manulea Wallengren, 1863 palliatella (Scopoli, 1763) iberica (von Mentzer, 1980) (complana iberica von Mentzer, 1980)

Pseudokatha Macià, Ylla, Gastón, Huertas & Bau, 2022 rungsi (Toulgoët, 1960)

Wittia de Freina, 1980 sororcula (Hufnagel, 1766)

While we accept the results of the scientific work performed, we do not agree with the authors’ conclusion that Eilema needs to be split. In our view, this fragmentation of the large genus Eilema is unnecessary and premature as such work should be based on a global revision of the group. The genera recognised here could equally well be treated as subgenera. This would result in minimal disturbance of current nomenclature but would still leave the phylogenetic conclusions as valid. However, it is irrational to retain Zobida as a distinct genus if we are not recognising the other splits from Eilema, so we return Z. bipuncta to Eilema.

Marabuto (2022) adds the recently described Hesperiidae Spialia rosae Hernández-Roldán, Dapporto, Dincâ, Vicente & Vila, 2016 to the Portuguese list along with the following Heterocera: Ptilocephala moncaunella (Chapman, 1903), Prays peregrina Agassiz, 2007, Digitivalva occidentella (Klimesch, 1956), Epicallima mikkolai (Lvovsky, 1995), Eretmocera medinella (Staudinger, 1859), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863), Lobesia limoniana (Millière, 1860), Titanio tarraconensis Leraut & Luquet, 1982, Apochima flabellaria (Heeger, 1848), Apamea epomidion (Haworth, 1809) and Nola cucullatella (Linnaeus, 1758). In addition, full collection data are given for Xanthorhoe designata (Hufnagel, 1767) and Triphosa tauteli Leraut, 2008 which had been mentioned as present in Portugal without data in Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012) and consequently listed for Portugal in Corley (2015). Finally records of Pseudoswammerdamia combinella (Hübner, 1796), Eublemma amoena (Hübner, 1803) and Xestia sexstrigata (Haworth, 1809) are given which predate those already published as new for Portugal (Nunes et al. 2021; Corley et al. 2022).

Nunes & Gil (2023) add 43 species to the fauna of Douro Litoral including Dialectica imperialella (Zeller, 1847), new to Portugal and second Portuguese records of Coleophora hackmani (Toll, 1953), Lobesia virulenta Bae & Komai, 1991 and Hoplodrina blanda (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).

Prozorov et al. (2022) treat Iberian and North African Lemonia philopalus as separate species. The Iberian species is L. vazquezi Oberthür, 1916. However, they admit that the two species cannot be distinguished morphologically due to variation, which leaves as distinguishing characters only geographical provenance and the barcode distance of 2.13%, which in our view are insufficient to justify separation into two species. We therefore consider vazquezi to be a junior synonym of philopalus.

Zhang et al. (2020) concluded that Carcharodus baeticus should be placed in Muschampia.

Appendix: Changes to the Portuguese fauna list

Species added to the Portuguese fauna listed in this and other papers are summarised here, each with a number indicating their placement in the checklist (Corley, 2015). New genera for the Portuguese fauna show the author and year of publication of the genus.

Name changes resulting from changes at genus level or to new synonymy are given, with each species retaining its list number. In a case where a new name is provided for a previously misidentified species, the new species retains the number of the misidentified species. Thus, Istrianis arenicolella (Caradja, 1920) replaces Istrianis myricariella (Frey, 1870) which was previously misidentified, but the species retains the number 0706 in the checklist.

0139.1 Ptilocephala moncaunella (Chapman, 1903)

0239.1 Dialectica imperialella (Zeller, 1847)

0336.1 Digitivalva occidentella (Klimesch, 1956)

0363.1 Prays peregrina D. Agassiz, 2007

0417.1 Epicallima mikkolai (Lvovsky, 1995)

0702.2 Carpatolechia notatella (Hübner, 1813)

0706 Istrianis arenicolella (Caradja, 1920) (Istrianis myricariella sensu Corley, 2000 non Frey, 1870) Eretmocera Zeller, 1852

0892.1 Eretmocera medinella (Staudinger, 1859)

0931 Agdistis bifurcatus Agenjo, 1952

0936 Stenoptilia gallobritannidactyla Gibeaux, 1985 (Stenoptilia inopinataBigot & Picard, 2002)

0969.2 Epermenia pontificella (Hübner, 1796)

0969.3 Epermenia lusitanicaGaedike, 2022 Epiphyas Turner, 1927

1007.1 Epiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863)

1112.1 Lobesia limoniana (Millière, 1860)

1174.1 Dichrorampha aeratana (Pierce & Metcalfe, 1915)

1178.1 Dichrorampha baixerasana Trematerra, 1991

1240 Pyropteron koschwitzi (Spatenka, 1992) (Pyropteron muscaeformis lusohispanica Lăstůvka & Lăstůvka, 2007)

1277 Muschampia baeticus (Rambur, 1839) (Carcharodus baeticus (Rambur, 1839))

1278.1 Spialia rosae Hernández-Roldán, Dapporto, Dincă, Vicente & Vila, 2016 Titanio Hübner, 1825

1609.1 Titanio tarraconensis Leraut & Luquet, 1982

1720 Lemonia philopalus (L. vazquezi Oberthür, 1916) Apochima Agassiz, 1847

1989.1 Apochima flabellaria (Heeger, 1848)

2150 Eilema bipuncta (Hübner, 1824) (Zobida bipuncta (Hübner, 1824))

2311.1 Caradrina flava Oberthür, 1876

2355.1 Apamea epomidion (Haworth, 1809)

2386.1 Agrochola litura (Linnaeus, 1758) Ammoconia Lederer, 1857

2426.1 Ammoconia caecimacula (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

2579.1 Nola cucullatella (Linnaeus, 1758)

Acknowledgments

We are most grateful to all those who have contributed records, to Mike Dale for dissections and photos, to Dr José Luis Yela García who identified or confirmed species from photos and to Ernestino Maravalhas who kindly produced the map.

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Author notes

* Autor para la correspondencia / Corresponding author: martin.corley@btinternet.com