Artículos

Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, a new subspecies from Calabria, Italy (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae)

Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, una nueva subespecie de Calabria, Italia (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae)

K. A. Efetov
V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Federación de Rusia
G. M. Tarmann
Austria

Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, a new subspecies from Calabria, Italy (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae)

SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, vol. 50, núm. 199, pp. 537-544, 2022

Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología

Received: 13/03/2022

Accepted: 16/03/2022

Published: 30/09/2022

Abstract: A new subspecies, Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. is described from southern Italy (Calabria, La Sila).

Keywords: Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae, Zygaena, Z. nevadensis gerrysila, new subspecies, La Sila, Calabria, Italy.

Resumen: Se describe una nueva subespecie Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. del sur de Italia (Calabria, La Sila).

Palabras clave: Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae, Zygaena, Z. nevadensis gerrysila, nueva subespecie, La Sila, Calabria, Italia.

Introduction

This article is a continuation of a series of authors’ publications devoted to the Zygaenidae of the Palaearctic and adjacent territories (CAN et al., 2019; CAN CENGIZ et al., 2018; EFETOV, 1996a, 1996b, 1997a, 1997b, 1998, 1999, 2001a, 2001b, 2006, 2010, 2018; EFETOV et al., 2004, 2006, 2011, 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015a, 2015b, 2016, 2018, 2019a, 2019b; EFETOV & HAYASHI, 2008; EFETOV & KNYAZEV, 2014; EFETOV & SAVCHUK, 2009, 2013; EFETOV & TARMANN, 1999, 2013a, 2013b, 2014a, 2014b, 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b; KNYAZEV et al., 2015; RAZOV et al., 2012; SUBCHEV et al., 2016; VRENOZI et al., 2019).

Zygaena nevadensis Rambur, 1858, is the only Zygaena species that is distributed from North Africa (Morocco) throughout southern Europe as far as the Northern Caucasus. It has a disjunct distribution with several local populations. Its currently known range is Morocco, Portugal, Spain, south-eastern France, southern Italy, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and the Northern Caucasus in Russia (EFETOV et al., 2011; EFETOV & SHCHUROV, 2007; COUTSIS et al., 2014; HOFMANN & TREMEWAN, 1996, 2017, 2020; MICEVSKI et al., 2018; NAHIRNIC & BESHKOV, 2018). This species was unknown from Italy until 2010. The old record of Z. nevadensis by ROCCI (1918: 144) from the outskirts of Genova at Quezzi has to be referred to Z. romeo Duponchel, 1835 (RACHELI, 1990: 42). BERTACCINI & FIUMI (1999) also included Z. nevadensis in their book on the bombycids and sphingids of Italy because they considered that isolated locations for the species in Piemonte were possible. FREINA & WITT (2001) cite “Piemonte” for the species, but do not provide any provenance for this record. The careful examination of Witt’s collection in Munich failed to prove that he had a specimen from Piemonte.

During our field work in Calabria in June 2010 K. A. Efetov, G. M. Tarmann and W. G. Tremewan collected two males of Z. nevadensis in the Sila Mountains (EFETOV et al., 2011). In 2011 further attempts by the same entomologists did not lead to any more successful results. However, in 2005, the Austrian neuropterologists H. and R. Rausch had already collected a single male by sweeping the vegetation also in La Sila but in another locality. This specimen was donated to Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck and was determined in 2013 by G. M. Tarmann. In 2014, G. M. Tarmann and W. G. Tremewan revisited La Sila and found 8 additional males and 2 females in the locality discovered by H. and R. Rausch. With this series it became clear that this population represents an undescribed subspecies. In 2018 G. M. and M. Tarmann together with S. Scalercio and S. Greco collected three additional males and one female.

On the base of the above mentioned available material we describe here a new subspecies Z. nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n.

Variability within the populations of Zygaena nevadensis is low and division into subspecies is often only supported by the isolation of the well-separated population groups that form slightly larger or smaller specimens with more or less fragmented streaks on the wings and a variable breadth of the hindwing margin. In this species there is no indication that its nowadays isolated populations that are spread over a territory from North Africa to the Caucasus (Fig. 8) have mixed with each other or with former relic populations during their migration into their present habitats in near history (see also HOFMANN & TREMEWAN, 2017).

Zygaena (Zygaena) nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. (Figs 1, 2)

1-2.Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. 1. Holotype male. 2. Paratype male with the same label data as holotype. 3.Zygaena nevadensis nevadensis Rambur, 1858. Male specimen from southern Spain. 4.Zygaena nevadensis gallica Oberthür, 1898. Male specimen from southern France (Var). 5.Zygaena nevadensis interrupta Boursin, 1923. Male specimen from southern France (Alpes-Maritimes). 6.Zygaena nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976. Male specimen from northern Greece. Scale - 10 mm.
Figures 1-6.–
1-2.Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. 1. Holotype male. 2. Paratype male with the same label data as holotype. 3.Zygaena nevadensis nevadensis Rambur, 1858. Male specimen from southern Spain. 4.Zygaena nevadensis gallica Oberthür, 1898. Male specimen from southern France (Var). 5.Zygaena nevadensis interrupta Boursin, 1923. Male specimen from southern France (Alpes-Maritimes). 6.Zygaena nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976. Male specimen from northern Greece. Scale - 10 mm.

Material: Holotype ♂ (Fig. 1): Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 1315 m, 1-VI-2018; leg. G. M. & M. Tarmann, S. Scalercio & S. Greco (Coll. Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria). Paratypes 13 ♂♂ (Fig. 2), 3 ♀♀: Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 1315 m, 1-VI-2018, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, leg. G. M. & M. Tarmann, S. Scalercio & S. Greco, coll. Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 2 km E, 1310-1360 m, 17-VI-2005, 1 ♂, leg. H. & R. Rausch, coll. Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 2 km E, 1310-1360 m, 16-VI-2014, 3 ♂♂, leg. G. M. Tarmann & W. G. Tremewan, coll. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 2 km E, 1310-1360 m, 15-VI-2014, 2 ♀♀, leg. G. M. Tarmann & W. G. Tremwan, coll. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 2 km E, 1310-1360 m, 16-VI-2014, 4 ♂♂, leg. G. M. Tarmann & W. G. Tremewan, coll. Sammlungsund Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, La Sila Graeca, La Fossiata, 2 km E, 1310-1360 m, 17-VI-2014, 1 ♂, leg. G. M. Tarmann, W. G. Tremewan & P. Brandmayr, coll. Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, Sorgente del Saluto, 3 km E Spineto, Lago Ampollino W, 1370-1390 m, 14-VI-2010, 1 ♂, leg. G. M. Tarmann, coll. Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum der Tiroler Landesmuseen, Ferdinandeum, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Italy, Calabria, Cosenza, Sorgente del Saluto, 3 km E Spineto, Lago Ampollino W, 1370-1390 m, 14-VI-2010, 1 ♂, leg. K. A. Efetov, coll. K. A. Efetov, Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia.

The holotype and the paratypes have been supplied with printed pin-labels on red paper: “HOLOTYPUS [or PARATYPUS] male [or female] Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, 2022.”

Description: Habitus of male and female similar. Length of body: male 9.1-9.2 mm, female 8.8 mm; length of forewing: male 9.2-10.0 mm, female 10.1 mm; breadth: male 3.1-3.2 mm, female 3.0 mm; length of hindwing: male 6.1-6.2 mm, female 7.2 mm; breadth: male 3.1-3.2 mm, female 3.1 mm; length of antenna: male 4.9-5.3 mm, female 6.0 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen black, covered with hair-like scales. Forewing black with three streaks, streak 3+5 narrower in the central part and can be even divided into separate spots 3 and 5. Hindwings red, with black margin, broader near apex.

Differential diagnosis: From the nominotypical subspecies Z. nevadensis gerrysila differs by its smaller size and darker, but more translucent black parts of the forewing. The dark margin of the hindwing is approximately as broad as in the nominotypical subspecies of central and southern Spain. The red colour of the forewing spots and the hindwing is darker than in Z. nevadensis nevadensis (Fig. 3). From all other subspecies (Figs 4-6) Z. nevadensis gerrysila differs especially in its smaller size and translucent appearance.

This subspecies is completely isolated on La Sila in southern Italy. The nearest population is Z. nevadensis pelisterensis Reiss, 1976, on the other side of the Ionian Sea on the Balkan Peninsula. Specimens of Z. nevadensis pelisterensis are significantly larger than those of Z. nevadensis gerrysila. This applies also for the nearest populations in the North in southern France, viz. Z. nevadensis interrupta Boursin, 1923, and Z. nevadensis gallica Oberthür, 1898.

Bionomics: Flight of imagines in June. Males fly very low over the ground and are difficult to spot. They rest low in the vegetation, mainly on grass. Females were found flying around various Fabaceae, but no oviposition could be observed. It seems clear that the larval host-plant is one of the Fabaceae species occurring in the habitats of this species, e. g. Lathyrus sp. or Vicia sp. (EFETOV et. al., 2011). The habitats are flowery and grassy areas on moist ground (Fig. 7).

7. Dr Silvia Greco and Dr Stefano Scalercio in the type-locality of Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. (photo G. M. Tarmann, 1-VI-2018). 8. Distribution map of Zygaena nevadensis. Red dots show distribution of Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n.
Figures 7-8.–
7. Dr Silvia Greco and Dr Stefano Scalercio in the type-locality of Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n. (photo G. M. Tarmann, 1-VI-2018). 8. Distribution map of Zygaena nevadensis. Red dots show distribution of Zygaena nevadensis gerrysila Efetov & Tarmann, subsp. n.

Etymology: After the death of our friend Dr Gerald (Gerry) W. Tremewan in 2016 who wanted to be a co-author of this taxon we decided to name it in his memory. The word “gerrysila” consists of two parts: the name of our friend (Gerry) who collected a part of the type series in his 83rd year of life, and the name of the mountain La Sila. Moreover, the word “sila” in Russian language means “strength”, so “gerrysila” can be translated also as “strength of Gerry”.

Distribution: As far as is known Z. nevadensis gerrysila is endemic to La Sila in southern Italy (Fig. 8).

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr S. Greco, Dr S. Scalercio and Prof. Dr P. Brandmayr (all Cosenza, Italy) for their help in the field. Mr H. and Mrs R. Rausch (Scheibbs, Austria) we thank for providing us with the first specimen taken at the type-locality. We are also indebted to Dr Adrian Spalding for linguistic help.

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Notas de autor

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