Redescription of the genus Allocryptobia Viette, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

Redescripción del género Allocryptobia Viette, 1951 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

Introduction

The Cossid fauna of Neotropics is poorly known. Only the subfamily Cossulinae (DAVIS et al., 2008) has been relatively well treated. We have initiated a systematic revision of the South American carpenter-moths with redescribing of poorly known genera (YAKOVLEV, 2014; PENCO et al., 2016; YAKOVLEV et al., 2016). Additionally, we have recently published a preliminary list of the Cossidae (PENCO & YAKOVLEV, 2015) of Argentina, and descriptions of several new species (PENCO & YAKOVLEV, 2017; YAKOVLEV et al., 2017).

The genus Allocryptobia Viette, 1951 belongs to the large but, well defined subfamily Zeuzerinae. Originally, the genus Cryptobia has been established for Cryptobia musae Herrich-Schäffer, [1854] (type locality: Brazil) (Fig. 1) with the second species Cossus mucoreus Herrich-Schäffer, [1853] (type locality: Rio Grande) (Fig. 2) added later. However, the name Cryptobia Herrich-Schäffer, [1854] appears to be a junior homonym of Cryptobia Leidy, 1846 (Kinetoplastida, Cryptobiidae) (LEIDY, 1846), and Allocryptobia was proposed as an objective replacement name (VIETTE, 1951: 38). SCHOORL (1990) synonymised Cossus mucoreus and Cryptobia phobifera Dyar, 1940 (Fig. 8) described from Paraguay, Villa Rica (DYAR, 1940). He also examined material from The Natural History Museum (London) and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris) and determined specimens of A. musae from Venezuela (Merida) and Guatemala (Guatemala City).

It is known that the type material and other collections of Herrich-Schäffer have been deposited in various European museums (HÄUSER et al., 2003). A part of this material from the collection of Kaden, which served as a basis for iconography by HERRICH-SCHÄFFER (1850-1858), was recently found in the entomological collection of ZISP; it includes several types of Cossidae from South America.

Material and methods

Male and female genitalia were mounted in micro tubes (under specimens on a pin) and examined with a Nikon SMZ 800 n microscope. Images of genitalia were taken with the Olympus XC 50 camera. Images of imago were taken by the digital camera of Apple iPhone 7, illuminated in Lightbox. The images were processed using CorelDraw software.

Abbreviations used in the text:

BMNH British Museum of Natural History (London, Great Britain) MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France)

MWM Museum of Thomas Witt (Munich, Germany)

USNM United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) (Washington, USA)

ZISP Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia)

Results

We examined syntypes of Cryptobia musae (male and female) and Cossus mucoreus (female) kept in the collection of ZISP, as well as some new material of the first species, collected in Panama and Colombia. Because Figure 165 in HERRICH-SCHÄFFER (1850-1858) depicts the female of C. musae, we designate the female specimen as a lectotype and the male one as the paralectotype (article 74B of ICZN, 1999). Figure 39 in HERRICH-SCHÄFFER (1850-1858) for C. mucoreus also illustrates a female, and as there is no evidence that it is a unique specimen, we designate it as a lectotype.

Allocryptobia Viette, 1951

Lambillonea, 51: 38

Type species Cryptobia musae Herrich-Schäffer, [1854], by monotypy for Cryptobia Herrich- Schäffer, [1854].

Redescription of the genus is given below based on its type species

Male: Antenna short, bipectinate in proximal half, filiform in distal half. Fore wing relatively narrow, apically rounded, with specific black pattern. Hind wing short, relatively wide, almost completely black basally, with dense reticulated black pattern distally.

Female: Antenna short, filiform. Wings significantly wider than those of male.

Male genitalia (Fig. 9): Uncus long, triangle, with beak-shaped point on top; gnathos arm short, thick, fused with vinculum by membrane; valve relatively narrow, costal edge slightly curved in medium third, abdominal edge strongly curved in proximal third, small lanceolate harpe in medium third of abdominal edge, apex semicircular; juxta small, with long leaf-like lateral processes, strongly fused with phallus; saccus tiny, semicircular; phallus thick, shorter than valve, slightly curved in medium third, robust cornutus in lateral surface of vesica.

Female genitalia (Fig. 10): Ovipositor very long. Ostium poorly immersed, cup-like; ductus thick, of medium length, with sack-shaped bulla extending from it on a long membrane duct; bursa big, oval, with small stellate signum on lateral surface, ductus seminalis thin, extending from top of bursa; anterior apophyses much longer than posterior ones; transverse oblique incisions on lateral surface of ovipositor; papillae anales semicircular.

Allocryptobia musae (Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]) (Figs 3-6, 9-11)

Cryptobia musae Herrich-Schäffer, [1854], Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter Aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge: Fig. 165.

Material examined: 1 ♀ (lectotype, here designated), [Brazil], (ZISP); 1 ♂ (paralectotype), [Brazil], (ZISP); 1 ♂ (paralectotype), Rio Grande [Brazil], (ex musaeo Boisduval) (MNHN); 1 ♂, Colombia, Quindío, Valle del Cocora, E of Salento, 2300 m, 4º 38’ 32”N / 75º 30’ 47”W, 11- III-2017, V. Sinyaev (MWM); 1 ♂, Colombia, Santander, NE of Bucaramanga, near Morro Ventanas, 7º 08’ 43”N / 73º 01’ 52”W, 13-15- IV-2017, 2250 m, leg. V. Sinyaev & Pinilla (MWM); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Colombia, Boyacá Municipio Togui Vereda Jupa, 2080 m, 5º 53’ 04’’N / 73º 29’ 27’’W, 19-21-IV-2014, leg. V. Sinyaev & M. Márquez (MWM); 1 ♂, Colombia, Santander, road Duitama-Charala, 5º 58’ 13’’N / 73º 10’ 07’’W, 24-27-II-2016, 2925 m, leg. V. Sinyaev & J. Machado (MWM); 1 ♀, Colombia, Boyacá, Arcabuco, road Arcabuco-Togui, 5º 49’ 15’’N / 73º 30’ 14’’W, 7-8-XII-2015, 2350 m, leg. Sinyaev & Machado (MWM); 1 ♀, Colombia, Huila Municipio Palestina PN Guacharos-Purace 1º 40’ 25”N / 76º 13’ 29”W 10-12-II-2018, 2177 m, leg. V. Sinjaev & J. Machado (MWM); 1 ♂, NW Honduras, Cortés dept., Cusuco National Park, 15º 29’ 47’’N / 88º 12’ 43’’W, 1610 m, 22-28-V-2014, leg. V. Sinjaev & Marquez, coll. Dr. R. Brechlin (MWM); 1 ♂, C. America, Panama, Churiqui prov., Boquete distr., 8.81511 N, 82.48294 W, h=1720 m, 24-VI-2017, A. Kozlov & Yu. Kovaleva leg. (coll. R. Yakovlev, Barnaul).

Male (Figs 4-5): Wingspan 53-72 mm. Thorax and abdomen densely covered with brown scales. Tegulae brown. Fore wing brown, with specific black pattern. Fine black strokes along costal edge; longitudinal strokes between radial and medial veins in postdiscal and submarginal areas, reticulated pattern between cubital veins; discal area without pattern. Fringe brown unicolorous. Hind wing brown but almost completely black basally, with dense reticulated black pattern distally.

Female (Figs 3-6): Wingspan 90-113 mm. Wing pattern almost the same as of male, but more mottled with broad patches of coffee-with-milk color in discal and submarginal areas on fore wing and only distally on hind wing.

Male and female genitalia: See generic description.

Distribution (Fig. 11). Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Panama and Venezuela.

Allocryptobia mucoreus (Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]) (Figs 2, 7)

Cossus mucoreus Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter Aussereuropäischer Schmetterlinge: Fig. 39.

Material examined: 1 ♀ (lectotype, here designated), [Rio Grande, Brazil], (ZISP); 1 ♀, Porto Cabello [Puerto Cabello, Carabobo State, Venezuela] (MNHN).

Distribution. Brazil and Venezuela.

Discussion

Basing on the male genital characters of the type species, the genus Allocryptobia belongs to the group of genera of the subfamily Zeuzerinae having one harpe on the lower edge of valve. Now this group includes the South American genera Brypoctia Schoorl, 1990 (type species Xyleutes strigifer Dyar, 1910), Morpheis Hübner, [1820] (type species Phalaena pyracmon Cramer, 1782) and some Australian genera combined by the KALLIES & HILTON (2012) into the “Sympycnodes digitata group”. We are stated that apomorphies for the genus Allocryptobia include the specific habitus and the tiny sacculus, the short robust phallus and the gnathos arms fused with vinculum in the male genitalia.

A number of questions on the taxonomy of the genus Allocryptobia remain controversial. The most important is the synonymy of C. mucoreus with C. phobifera established by SCHOORL (1990: 164) with the following argument: “The holotype of phobifera is similar to a male specimen from Venezuela in the BMNH, which has been identified together with a female from the same locality as belonging to mucorea. Dyar notes that the hind wings are partly without scales due to damage. It appears to be a characteristic that a moderately broad band along the hind wing dorsum is unsealed, since the male in the BMNH has this too. There are apparently no good differences between the two species. Therefore, phobifera is synonymized with mucorea.” However, the conspecificity of the male and female of C. mucoreus from Venezuela (BMNH) and the male from Paraguay (holotype Cryptobia phobifera) is doubtful (Figures 7 and 8, respectively).

Additionally, SCHOORL (1990) mentioned the pronounced sexual dimorphism as the most important characteristic of the genus Allocryptobia. This statement is based on comparing the external features of both sexes of Cryptobia mucoreus, however, in the females and males of the type species sexual dimorphism is only slightly expressed. We provisionally leave C. mucoreus in the genus Allocryptobia but its taxonomic position, as well as conspecifity with C. phobifera, needs further study.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Anna Ustjuzhanina (Tomsk, Russia) and Prof. Boris Kondratieff (Fort Collins, USA) for language improvements. We also express our gratitude to Harald Sulak-Wildenauer (Munich) for providing the photos of the Cossidae type specimens from the USA museums, and to Viktor Sinyaev and Anton Kozlov (both from Moscow) who assisted in getting important additional material from South and Central America.

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Author notes

*Autor para la correspondencia / Corresponding author. E-mail: yakovlev_asu@mail.ru