Issue

New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2021 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Novos e interessantes registos portugueses de Lepidoptera em 2021 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Nuevas e interesantes citas portuguesas de Lepidoptera en 2021 (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Introduction

This paper is the sixteenth in the series of annual summaries of new knowledge of Portuguese Lepidoptera. It gives records of species of Lepidoptera added to the Portuguese fauna in 2021 and some unpublished earlier records, together with new province records not included in the checklist ( Corley, 2015). Additional data include new data on larval host-plants within the country and second and third records of species for the country, which are only indicated when they are not in new provinces. Papers published in 2021 and part of 2022 that relate to the Portuguese Lepidoptera fauna are listed and briefly summarised. Finally, an Appendix lists the new species for Portugal separately, with numbers indicating their position in the checklist; new genera for Portugal have author and year of publication given.

13 species new for Portugal are listed below, of which three are new for the Iberian Peninsula. Two species are removed from the Portuguese list. One of the new species listed here ( Conistra alicia) was previously listed for Portugal, but the record was rejected in Corley (2015), as being erroneous, see below.

In Corley et al. (2020) the number of Lepidoptera species recognised from Portugal was 2743. With the current paper this total has risen to 2754.

Material and Methods

Most species were captured at light. For specimens not taken at light, the means of capture is given. Specimens are retained in the collections of the original recorders, unless otherwise stated. However, a few records are based only on photographic evidence. Original photos of all species new for Portugal but without a voucher specimen are provided in this paper ( Figures 1, 2, 5, 7, 8).

The order and nomenclature of families and species follows the Portuguese list ( Corley, 2015). The nomenclature of plant names follows the EURO+MED PLANT-BASE.

The entry for species new for Portugal concludes with a summary of the known European distribution, and available information on the larval host-plant, given in square brackets if the information comes from outside Portugal.

Localities with UTM squares and altitude: (Municipality in brackets)

Recorders and determiners:

Carlos Almeida

Giorgio Baldizzone

Paula Banza

Miguel Berkemeier

Rudolf Bryner

Helder Cardoso

Martin Corley

Michael Dale

Ben van Dort

Agostinho Fernandes

Isaías Ferreira

Sónia Ferreira

Nelson Fonseca

Christopher Fraser-Jenkins

Jorge Pereira Gomes

Ana Rita Gonçalves

Martin Honey

Edmundo Jesus

Ole Karsholt

João Nunes

Patrícia Garcia Pereira

Carla Rosete

Jorge Rosete

Carlos Silva

Luís Silva

Isabel Soares

Andreas Stübner

Joaquim Teixeira

João Tomás

Ana Valadares

Thijs Valkenburg

Christof Zeller-Lukashort

Alberto Zilli

Abbreviations and symbols

coll.collectioncommcommunicated byconf.confirmed bydet.determined bygen. det.confirmed by genitalia dissectionpers. comm.personal communicationZMUCUniversity of Copenhagen Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark

* New for Portugal, i.e., not listed for Portugal in Corley (2015).

** New for the Iberian Peninsula.

Provinces:

AALAlto AlentejoALGAlgarveBABeira AltaBBBeira BaixaBALBaixo AlentejoBLBeira LitoralDLDouro LitoralEEstremaduraMMinhoRRibatejoTMTrás-os-Montes

List of families and species

MICROPTERIGIDAE

Micropterix granatensis Heath, 1981

Third Portuguese record. ALG: Alcaria, Rocha da Pena, by day, 8-IV-2013, Bryner, det. Zeller-Lukashort.

NEPTICULIDAE

Stigmella basiguttella (Heinemann, 1862)

BL: Ansião, 5-VII-2016, Rosete, det. Corley.

Stigmella samiatella (Zeller, 1839)

BL: Ansião, 9-VII-2021, Rosete.

Stigmella eberhardi (Johansson, 1971)

BL: Furadouro, 7-IX-2015, Rosete, Jesus, I. Ferreira and Gonçalves, conf. Corley.

Zimmermannia liguricella (Klimesch, 1953)

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, conf. Corley.

PSYCHIDAE

Delete Ptilocephala melanura (Bourgogne, 1954). Considered to be at best a subspecies of P. colossa (Bang-Haas, 1907) but almost certainly just infraspecific variation (Arnscheid & Weidlich, 2017).

TINEIDAE

Infurcitinea karadaghica Zagulajev, 1979

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, conf. Corley.

Reisserita flavofimbriella (Chrétien, 1925)

BL: Ansião, 9-VII-2021, Rosete; BA: Portela de Famalicão, 1-VIII-2021, Rosete.

** Teichobia filicivora (Meyrick, 1937)

E: Palácio de Sintra, larvae on Polypodium cambricum L., 2020, Fraser-Jenkins; larvae were subsequently found at Sintra by Fraser-Jenkins on Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Woyn, Asplenium hemionitis L. and Polypodium interjectum Shivas; adult on ferns, Castelo dos Mouros, Sintra, 1-XI-2021, van Dort, conf. Corley ( Figure 1). Britain, Ireland and Madeira.

BUCCULATRICIDAE

** Bucculatrix cristatella (Zeller, 1839)

BL: Abiúl, 15-VII-2020, Rosete, det. Dale. Most of Europe from France, northern Italy and Romania northwards. [ Achillea millefolium L.].

GRACILLARIIDAE

Phyllonorycter barbarella (Rebel, 1901)

BL: Ansião, 3-V-2013, Rosete.

Phyllonorycter cerasicolella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855)

BA: Portela de Famalicão, 1-VIII-2021, Rosete, conf. Corley.

Phyllonorycter ulicicolella (Stainton, 1851)

BL: Ansião, 5-VII-2016, Rosete, conf. Corley.

YPONOMEUTIDAE

* Pseudoswammerdamia combinella (Hübner, 1786)

BL: Pampilhosa de Botão, 3-III-2021, Jesus, det. Nunes ( Figure 2). Nearly all Europe, absent from most Baltic countries and southern Balkan peninsula. [ Prunus spinosa L.].

YPSOLOPHIDAE

Ypsolopha ustella (Clerck, 1759)

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete.

AUTOSTICHIDAE

Symmocoides ferreirae Gozmány, 2008

BL: Ansião, 10-VI-2017, Rosete, conf. Corley.

OECOPHORIDAE

Metalampra italica Baldizzone, 1977

Second Portuguese record. DL: Aldeia Nova, Avintes, 27-VII-2021, Teixeira, det. Nunes. Dasycera oliviella (Fabricius, 1794)

ALG: Alfambras, 20-V-2018, Valadares.

DEPRESSARIIDAE

Agonopterix rutana (Fabricius, 1794)

E: Vale de Figueiredo, 11-VI-2021, H. Cardoso.

COSMOPTERIGIDAE

* Cosmopterix coryphaea Walsingham, 1907

ALG: Quinta de Marim, 10-V-2021, Valkenburg, gen. det. Nunes ( Figure 3). Southernmost parts of Europe from Spain to Greece, Croatia, Canary Islands. [ Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud.].

GELECHIIDAE

Mesophleps trinotella Herrich-Schäffer, 1856

E: Pó, 3-IV-2021, H. Cardoso.

Anarsia spartiella (Schrank, 1802)

E: Pó, 5-VII-2021, H. Cardoso, conf. Corley.

Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg, 1794)

E: Amoreira, 11-III-2021, H. Cardoso.

* Aroga temporariella Sattler, 1960

BL: Poço, 7-IV-2017, Rosete, det. Corley. France, Spain. Host-plant unknown.

ELACHISTIDAE

** Elachista pullicomella Zeller, 1839

BA: Above Manteigas, by day, 12-VI-1986, Karsholt (ZMUC). Most of Europe, absent from British Isles, Mediterranean Islands, Spain, Greece. [Various Poaceae].

COLEOPHORIDAE

Coleophora albella (Thunberg, 1788)

BL: Ansião, 26-V-2017, Rosete, det. Corley.

* Coleophora zernyi Toll, 1944

ALG: Vendas Novas da Tôr, 6–14-IV-2013, Bryner, det. Stübner. Spain, Sardinia, Corsica. Hostplant unknown.

Coleophora discordella Zeller, 1849

DL: Quintarrei, case on Lotus corniculatus L., 25-I-2021, Nunes.

Coleophora helichrysiella Krone, 1909

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, det. Corley.

Coleophora albilineella Toll, 1960

Third (and earliest) Portuguese record. BA: Torre, 1600-1950 m, 10-11-VII-1986, Karsholt, det.

Baldizzone (ZMUC).

Coleophora ribasella Baldizzone, 1982

E: Praia do Samouco, empty cases on Artemisia campestris maritima (DC) Arcang., 9-VII-2021, Rosete.

SCYTHRIDIDAE

Scythris cistorum (Millière, 1876)

E: Corredoura, São Pedro, 29-IX-2014, Rosete, det. Corley.

Scythris sinensis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)

Second Portuguese record. M: Adults on Chenopodium L. by day, Louredo, 20-IX-2021, Nunes.

* Scythris pulicella (Staudinger, 1859)

ALG: Sagres, road to Cabo de São Vicente, by day, 12-IV-2013, Bryner. Spain. Host-plant unknown.

PTEROPHORIDAE

Pterophorus pentadactyla (Linnaeus, 1758)

BL: Corticeiro de Cima, 26-VIII-2021, C. Rosete, in coll. J. Rosete.

Gypsochares bigoti Gibbeaux & Nel, 1989

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete.

TORTRICIDAE

Clepsis consimilana (Hübner, 1817)

Since the description of Clepsis razowskii Gastón, Vives & Revilla, 2017 (synonym of C. eatoniana (Ragonot, 1881) we have examined genitalia of a substantial number of specimens of the C. consimilana aggregate, although not from every province. From this it is evident that nearly all records of C. consimilana from Portugal belong to C. eatoniana, with confirmed records from ALG, AAL, R, E, BL, DL and TM. C. consimilana sensu stricto appears to be restricted to north-west Portugal. We only have the following records: DL: Vairão, 29-V-2004, Corley; Senande, 7-V-2021, Nunes and S. Ferreira; M: Ponte Rio Maceira, 15-VI-2010, Corley.

Cochylidia rupicola (Curtis, 1834)

BL: Grada, Barcouço, 5-X-2021, L. Silva, conf. Corley.

* Ancylis unculana (Haworth, 1811)

TM: Ribeiro de Guilharde, Meixedo, 30-VII-2021, C. Silva, Jesus and Teixeira ( Figure 5). Almost all Europe except southern Balkan countries. [ Rhamnus L., Frangula Mill.].

Rhyacionia pinivorana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846)

DL: Águas do Marão, Ansiães, 9-VI-2021, Jesus and C. Silva.

Selania leplastriana (Curtis, 1831)

BL: Praia do Osso da Baleia, Carriço, on Brassica tournefortii Gouan by day, 23-XII-2021, Rosete.

COSSIDAE

Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758)

BL: Ansião, 9-VII-2021, Rosete.

Stygia australis Latreille, 1803

ALG: Pair in copula found by day, Meia Praia, 12-VI-2021, I. Soares, det. H. Cardoso.

NYMPHALIDAE

Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767)

ALG: Female ovipositing on Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Steud., Quinta das Flores, 6-XI-2013, egg eclosion 25-XI-2013, larva until 24-II-2014, Fonseca.

PYRALIDAE

Aglossa caprealis (Hübner, 1809)

BL: Louriçal, 30-VI-2020, Rosete.

Hypotia corticalis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

E: Praia das Bicas, 24-VIII-2021, Almeida, det. Valadares.

* Merulempista turturella (Zeller, 1848)

ALG: Quinta de Marim, 10-VIII-2021, Valkenburg and Tomás, gen. det. Nunes ( Figure 6). Spain, France, Italy, Mallorca. [ Tamarix].

Acrobasis marmorea (Haworth, 1811)

BL: Abiúl, 2-VII-2021, Rosete, gen. det.

Phycitodes albatella (Ragonot, 1887)

E: Praia do Samouco, 16-VII-2021, Rosete, gen. det.

CRAMBIDAE

Anania hortulata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Third Portuguese record. TM: Aveção do Cabo, 2-VII-2021, Fernandes.

Arnia nervosalis Guenée, 1849

E: Praia das Bicas, 24-VIII-2021, Almeida, det. Valadares.

Catoptria lythargyrella (Hübner, 1796)

Second Portuguese record. TM: Lama Grande, 16-VIII-2021, Nunes and Jesus.

GEOMETRIDAE

* Idaea alicantaria (Reisser, 1963)

ALG: Quinta de Marim, 25-VI-2021, Valkenburg and Tomás, conf. Nunes ( Figure 7). Spain, Ibiza. Host-plant unknown.

Larentia clavaria (Haworth, 1809)

BA: Pinhel, 14-XI-2021, Valadares.

Chesias legatella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

E: Praia do Samouco, 28-XI-2014, Rosete.

Neognopharmia stevenaria (Boisduval, 1840)

AAL: Glória, 12-V-2021, H. Cardoso.

Agriopis bajaria (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

ALG: Cruzinha, 13-I-2011, Banza.

NOTODONTIDAE

Pheosia tremula (Clerck, 1759)

DL: Parque Biológico de Gaia, 6-V-2021, Gomes.

EREBIDAE

Orgyia trigotephras Boisduval, 1829

BA: Pinhel, 29-VI-2020, Valadares.

Setina cantabrica (de Freina & Witt, 1985)

First record of 21st century. TM: Lama Grande, 29-VII-2021, Jesus, C. Silva and Teixeira.

Autophila dilucida (Hübner, 1803)

BB: Vila Velha de Ródão, 26-VI-2019, Berkemeier, comm. Garcia Pereira, conf. Corley. Not recorded since 1967.

NOCTUIDAE

Acronicta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758)

BL: Valarinho, Louriçal, 18-VIII-2018, Rosete.

* Apamea furva (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

TM: Montesinho, 1-VII-2021, Valadares, conf. Corley ( Figure 8). Nearly all European countries; Sardinia, absent from other Mediterranean islands. [Poaceae].

Oligia latruncula (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

DL: Senande, 7-V-2021, Nunes and S. Ferreira (gen. det.).

* Conistra alicia Lajonquière, 1939

Reinstate this as a Portuguese species, see below under C. haleae. C. alicia is known from BAL, AAL, BL, DL and TM ( Corley, 2015; Marabuto, 2018; Corley et al. 2020). To these a recent record from Algarve can be added: ALG: Alfambras, 6-I-2022, Valadares, det. H. Cardoso and Corley. Spain, France.

Delete Conistra haleae Fibiger & Top-Jensen, 2010

We have re-examined nearly all Portuguese specimens previously identified as C. haleae and additional specimens collected recently and conclude that they do not have all the characters given for C. haleae in the original description of that species. It is our view that they lie within the variation of C. alicia, which should therefore be reinstated as a Portuguese species.

Xestia sexstrigata (Haworth, 1809)

Second Portuguese record. TM: Lama Grande, 16-VIII-2021, Nunes and Jesus.

Recent literature

Aarvik et al. (2021) make a number of taxonomic changes which are relevant to the Portuguese list. They point out that Brown et al. (2020) had overlooked Longicornutia Razowski, 1960 as the available genus for Cochylis epilinana, which they considered not to be congeneric with other Cochylis sensu stricto species.

They consider that the transfer of Tuta absoluta to genus Phthorimaea was premature based on the evidence provided by Corro Cheng & Metz (2021) and that it should remain in genus Tuta until a really thorough taxonomic revision of Gnorimoschemini on a global scale renders change necessary.

They give Colias croceus (Geoffroy, 1785) as the correct citation for this species.

The correct year of publication of Fissipunctia Beck is 1992.

Corley et al. (2021) add 13 species to the Portuguese list and delete three.

Gastón & Huemer (2022) describe a new species, Metzneria leae from Spain. Portuguese records are not considered, but Algarve records of M. subflavella Englert, 1974 (Corley, 2005) belong to the new species, which feeds in seed-heads of Klasea baetica (DC.) Holub in Portugal. There is one more Portuguese record: Vale Santo, Vila do Bispo, Algarve, 15-V-2019, Nunes, C. Silva and Jesus ( Figure 4). M. subflavella should be deleted from the Portuguese list.

Huemer (2021) describes Metzneria neli sp. n. from France and Spain, closely related to M. tristella Rebel, 1901. He did not examine Portuguese specimens. We can confirm that material named tristella from Algarve and Baixo Alentejo belongs to M. neli. Probably all Portuguese specimens belong to the new species, but although this has not been confirmed, it is appropriate to delete M. tristella from the Portuguese list. In France M. neli feeds on the seeds of Cheirolophus intybacea (Lam.) Dostál. In Algarve it feeds on seeds of Cheirolophus sempervirens Pomel. Records of M. tristella from Estremadura, Beira Litoral and Beira Baixa remain unconfirmed.

Huemer (2022) has revised the Caryocolum tricolorella complex, describing new species from Italy and the Balkans. He suggests that there are uncertainties regarding the Portuguese records of C. tricolorella and C. fibigerium. His doubts arise from not including Portuguese material in his study. We have re-examined our Portuguese material and there is no reason to doubt the identifications.

Nunes (2021) listed Lepidoptera recorded from Valongo municipality in Douro Litoral but did not indicate those species that were new for that province. These are Parectopa ononidis (Zeller, 1839), Euspilapteryx auroguttella Stephens, 1835, Ocnerostoma friesei Svensson 1966, Odites kollarella (Costa, 1832), Monochroa hornigi (Staudinger, 1883), Acleris hyemana (Haworth, 1811), Pyralis lienigialis (Zeller, 1843), Apomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller, 1839), Eupithecia nanata (Hübner, 1813), Eublemma purpurina (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Minucia lunaris (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Lithophane semibrunnea (Haworth, 1809).

Nunes (2022) listed Lepidoptera recorded from Mata de Vilar in Lousada municipality in Douro Litoral. He indicates 19 new species for Douro Litoral: Monopis obviella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Coleophora albella (Thunberg, 1788), Paramesia alhamana (Schmidt, 1933), Aleimma loeflingiana (Linnaeus, 1758), Epinotia festivana (Hübner, 1799), Eucosma conterminana (Guenée, 1845), Pseudococcyx tessulatana (Staudinger, 1871), Pammene splendidulana (Guenée, 1845), Brachodes gaditana (Rambur, 1866), Elegia atrifasciella Ragonot, 1887, Elegia similella (Zincken, 1818), Acrobasis fallouella (Ragonot, 1871), Eupithecia laquaearia Herrich-Schäffer, 1848, Eilema uniola (Rambur, 1866), Conistra erythrocephala (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Cosmia trapezina (Linnaeus, 1758), Trigonophora jodea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1850), Egira conspicillaris (Linnaeus, 1758) and Noctua tirrenica Biebinger, Speidel & Hanigk, 1983, the third record of Metalampra italica Baldizzone, 1977 for Portugal and a new record for Eotaleporia lusitaniella (Amsel, 1955). Two more new species for DL province were recorded but not highlighted in this work. These are Helcystogramma lutatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) and Eudemis profundana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).

Nunes et al. (2022) include 45 new province records for 40 species, but they are not highlighted in the database, so we list them here: AAL: Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, 1804) and Clytie illunaris (Hübner, 1813); ALG: Idaea fuscovenosa (Goeze, 1781), Idaea rhodogrammaria (Püngeler, 1913), Perizoma flavofasciata (Thunberg, 1792), Lenisa geminipuncta (Haworth, 1809), Lithophane ornitopus (Hufnagel, 1766) and Griposia aprilina (Linnaeus, 1758); BB: Idaea sardoniata (Homberg, 1912), Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, 1804) and Tathorhynchus exsiccata (Lederer, 1855); BL: Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761), Nebula ibericata (Staudinger, 1871), Chesias rufata (Fabricius, 1775), Coscinia chrysocephala (Hübner, 1804), Eilema marcida (Mann, 1859), Cucullia calendulae Treitschke, 1835, Luperina dumerilii (Duponchel, 1826), Hadena bicruris (Hufnagel, 1766) and Agrotis lata Treitschke, 1835; DL: Acasis viretata (Hübner, 1799), Raphia hybris (Hübner, 1813), Coenobia rufa (Haworth, 1809) and Agrochola haematidea (Duponchel, 1827); E: Ennomos alniaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Thalera fimbrialis (Scopoli, 1763), Phalera bucephala (Linnaeus, 1758), Caradrina proxima Rambur, 1837, Agrochola blidaensis (Stertz, 1915), Agrochola haematidea (Duponchel, 1827) and Mythimna languida (Walker, 1858); M: Scopula minorata (Boisduval, 1833), Cucullia calendulae Treitschke, 1835, Lithophane semibrunnea (Haworth, 1809) and Nola confusalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847); R: Phyllodesma suberifolia (Duponchel, 1842), Idaea mustelata (Gumppenberg, 1892), Idaea infirmaria (Rambur, 1833), Cyclophora porata (Linnaeus, 1767), Catarhoe basochesiata (Duponchel, 1831), Epirrhoe alternata (Müller, 1764), Eupithecia pantellata Millière, 1875, Abraxas pantaria (Linnaeus, 1767), Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus, 1758) and Mythimna languida (Walker, 1858). This publication consists of a dataset including the 2021 results from the moth recording scheme (Rede de Estações de Borboletas Nocturnas) that started in Portugal in the same year.

Ronkay et al. (2017) have revised Agrochola, splitting it into a number of genera, as follows:

Agrochola Hübner, 1821

lychnidis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

orejoni Agenjo, 1951

Anchoscelis Guenée, 1839 ( Omphaloscelis Hampson, 1906)

lunosa (Haworth, 1809)

meridionalis (Staudinger, 1971)

helvola (Linnaeus, 1758)

Leptologia L. B. Prout, 1901

lota (Clerck, 1759)

blidaensis (Stertz, 1915)

macilenta (Hübner, 1809)

Haemachola Beck, 1991

haematidea (Duponchel, 1827)

Sunira Franclemont, 1950

circellaris (Hufnagel, 1766)

In our view some of these genera are not homogeneous, and in the long-term further genera are likely to be proposed to accommodate species such as helvola and lota which do not rest comfortably with their proposed congeners. There seems to be no good reason why the newly recognised genera should not be treated as subgenera. At this time, we shall retain all the species in Agrochola. If, at sometime in the future, a wide consensus emerges demanding the adoption of these genera, then we will reconsider the problem. Retaining all the species in Agrochola has the considerable advantage of maintaining stability of the nomenclature, to the benefit of the great majority of lepidopterists. An added argument for this conservative approach is that changes at generic level are frequently reversed by another author a few years later. There are two such examples below ( Protodeltote pygarga and Callistege mi).

Schmidt et al. (2018) return Deltote pygarga (Hufnagel, 1766) to genus Protodeltote Ueda, 1984 Sinev et al. (2017) synonymise Holcopogon bubulcellus (Staudinger, 1859) with H. adseclella (Eversmann, 1844).

Vargas-Rodríguez et al. (2020) place Nyctobrya muralis in genus Bryopsis Boursin, 1970.

Wang & Li (2020) raise Peleopodinae to family status (Peleopodidae), with Carcina the only Portuguese genus included. They also raise Ethmiinae to family status (Ethmiidae).

Zahiri et al. (2012) return Euclidia mi (Clerck, 1759) to genus Callistege Hübner, 1823.

Acknowledgements

We are most grateful to all those others who have contributed records and to Giorgio Baldizzone, Martin Honey and Alberto Zilli who identified or confirmed specimens and photos, to Mike Dale for dissections and identifications, and to Ernestino Maravalhas who kindly produced the map.

References

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Author notes

*Autor para la correspondencia / Corresponding author